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Fig. 4 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Severe inflammation in new-borns induces long-term cognitive impairment by activation of IL-1β/KCC2 signaling during early development

Fig. 4

KCC2 mediates the effects of IL-1β on neonatal severe inflammation-induced cognitive impairment. (A) Schematic illustrating the chronological order used for the establishment of the inflammation model and KCC2 level testing. Five litters were used in this cohort of experiment. (B) The protein levels of KCC2 in P7 (left panel, n = 6), P14 (middle panel, n = 6), and P30 (right panel, n = 6) rats after LPS injection. (C) Schematic illustrating the chronological order used for siRNA injection, establishment of the inflammation model, and cognitive testing. Nine litters were used in this cohort of experiment. (D) The knockdown efficiency of KCC2-siRNA by PCR (n = 6). (E) Learning curve for the escape latency. (F) Time spent in the target quadrant (n = 10–15). (G) Distance spent in the target quadrant (n = 10–15). (H) Number of platform crossings (n = 10–15). (I) Mean velocity during the spatial probe test (n = 10–15). (J) The freezing time of rats during FC training. (K) The freezing time of rats in the context FC test (n = 10–15). (L) The freezing time of rats in the cued FC test (n = 10–15). LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NS: normal saline; MWM: Morris water maze; FC: fear conditioning; Panels B and D were compared by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test; Panels F, G, H, I, K and L were compared by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by a Tukey post hoc test; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001, n.s.: no significance; Error bars indicate SD

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