| Not motivated by cues to action, n=483 | Motivated by cues to action, n=606 | Univariate | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
Site | ||||||
 CGH | 59 | 20 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
 KKH | 85 | 88 | 3.05 (1.70–5.50) | <0.001 | 1.28 (0.64–2.58) | 0.487 |
 NCC | 80 | 180 | 6.64 (3.75–11.75) | <0.001 | 5.10 (2.68–9.73) | <0.001 |
 NTFGH | 5 | 2 | 1.18 (0.21–6.57) | 0.85 | 0.90 (0.13–6.03) | 0.914 |
 NUH | 111 | 53 | 1.41 (0.77–2.58) | 0.266 | 0.83 (0.41–1.68) | 0.6 |
 SGH | 48 | 59 | 3.63 (1.92–6.84) | <0.001 | 1.82 (0.86–3.85) | 0.119 |
 TTSH | 95 | 204 | 6.34 (3.61–11.12) | <0.001 | 4.06 (2.15–7.67) | <0.001 |
Health consciousness | ||||||
 0 | 92 | 330 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
 1 | 391 | 276 | 0.20 (0.15–0.26) | <0.001 | 0.16 (0.11–0.22) | <0.001 |
Sociodemographic factors | ||||||
 Age at diagnosis (categorical) | ||||||
  50–59 | 294 | 316 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  ≥60 | 189 | 290 | 1.43 (1.12–1.82) | 0.004 | 1.28 (0.92–1.77) | 0.141 |
 Ethnicity | ||||||
  Chinese | 382 | 506 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Malay | 52 | 47 | 0.68 (0.45–1.03) | 0.072 |  |  |
  Indian | 37 | 35 | 0.71 (0.44–1.16) | 0.17 |  |  |
  Others | 12 | 18 | 1.13 (0.54–2.38) | 0.743 |  |  |
 Highest qualification attained | ||||||
  No formal/primary | 78 | 163 | 1.67 (1.21–2.29) | 0.002 | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) | 0.471 |
  Secondary | 242 | 303 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Post-secondary (non-tertiary) | 34 | 50 | 1.17 (0.74–1.87) | 0.5 | 1.27 (0.73–2.20) | 0.39 |
  Professional diploma | 60 | 33 | 0.44 (0.28–0.69) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.35–1.01) | 0.054 |
  Tertiary | 54 | 40 | 0.59 (0.38–0.92) | 0.02 | 0.86 (0.50–1.47) | 0.576 |
  Missing | 15 | 17 |  |  |  |  |
 Housing |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  HDB 1–3 rooms | 66 | 126 | 1.48 (1.06–2.06) | 0.021 | 1.09 (0.73–1.64) | 0.663 |
  HDB >3 rooms | 303 | 391 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Private | 109 | 84 | 0.60 (0.43–0.82) | 0.002 | 0.80 (0.54–1.19) | 0.271 |
  Others/missing | 5 | 5 |  |  |  |  |
 Marital status | ||||||
  Married | 379 | 449 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Never married | 62 | 64 | 0.87 (0.60–1.27) | 0.472 | 1.05 (0.54–2.04) | 0.887 |
  Widowed | 27 | 57 | 1.78 (1.11–2.87) | 0.018 | 1.25 (0.72–2.17) | 0.426 |
  Separated/divorced | 15 | 36 | 2.03 (1.09–3.76) | 0.025 | 2.07 (0.98–4.35) | 0.056 |
Lifestyle risk factors | ||||||
 Smoking | ||||||
  No | 470 | 593 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 13 | 13 | 0.79 (0.36–1.73) | 0.559 |  |  |
 Alcohol |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No | 468 | 587 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 15 | 19 | 1.01 (0.51–2.01) | 0.978 |  |  |
 Physical activity between 18 and 30 | ||||||
  1 | 32 | 38 | 0.82 (0.50–1.35) | 0.433 | 1.15 (0.61–2.18) | 0.664 |
  2 | 275 | 398 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  3 | 40 | 38 | 0.66 (0.41–1.05) | 0.079 | 0.58 (0.33–1.03) | 0.062 |
  4 | 64 | 82 | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | 0.509 | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | 0.972 |
  5 | 72 | 50 | 0.48 (0.32–0.71) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.44–1.12) | 0.135 |
Medical risk factors | ||||||
 Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
  0 | 354 | 426 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  1 | 96 | 120 | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) | 0.806 |  |  |
  >1 | 33 | 60 | 1.51 (0.97–2.36) | 0.071 |  |  |
 Previous surgery for benign lump | ||||||
  No | 394 | 502 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 89 | 104 | 0.92 (0.67–1.25) | 0.587 |  |  |
 Previous gynaecological surgery | ||||||
  No | 291 | 341 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 192 | 264 | 1.17 (0.92–1.50) | 0.198 |  |  |
  Missing | 0 | 1 |  |  |  |  |
 Family history of breast cancer | ||||||
  No | 336 | 424 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 135 | 159 | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 0.617 |  |  |
  Missing | 12 | 23 |  |  |  |  |
 Family history of ovarian cancer | ||||||
  No | 458 | 559 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 12 | 20 | 1.37 (0.66–2.82) | 0.401 |  |  |
  Missing | 13 | 27 |  |  |  |  |
Reproductive risk factors | ||||||
 Age at first full-term pregnancy | ||||||
  Nulliparous | 99 | 101 | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 0.179 | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 0.467 |
  <20 | 10 | 35 | 2.70 (1.30–5.63) | 0.008 | 1.82 (0.77–4.30) | 0.174 |
  20–24 | 93 | 116 | 0.96 (0.68–1.36) | 0.828 | 0.65 (0.43–1.00) | 0.048 |
  25–29 | 152 | 197 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  >30 | 127 | 156 | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) | 0.739 | 1.00 (0.68–1.47) | 0.986 |
  Missing | 2 | 1 |  |  |  |  |
 Parity | ||||||
  0 | 99 | 101 | 0.92 (0.66–1.29) | 0.64 | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 0.467 |
  1 | 54 | 72 | 1.21 (0.81–1.80) | 0.356 | 1.04 (0.65–1.68) | 0.863 |
  2 | 210 | 232 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  ≥3 | 120 | 201 | 1.52 (1.13–2.03) | 0.005 | 1.04 (0.72–1.49) | 0.847 |
 Infertility treatment | ||||||
  No | 455 | 573 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 28 | 33 | 0.94 (0.56–1.57) | 0.802 |  |  |
 Oral contraception | ||||||
  No | 384 | 434 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Yes | 99 | 172 | 1.54 (1.16–2.04) | 0.003 | 1.25 (0.88–1.77) | 0.218 |
 Hormone replacement treatment | ||||||
  Never | 412 | 506 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Ever | 67 | 94 | 1.14 (0.81–1.60) | 0.442 |  |  |
  Missing | 4 | 6 |  |  |  |  |
 Menopausal status at diagnosis | ||||||
  Post-menopausal | 355 | 490 | 1.00 (reference) |  |  |  |
  Pre-menopausal | 128 | 116 | 0.66 (0.49–0.87) | 0.004 | 0.76 (0.52–1.12) | 0.166 |