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Table 5 Characteristics of patients motivated by cues to action

From: Mammography screening is associated with more favourable breast cancer tumour characteristics and better overall survival: case-only analysis of 3739 Asian breast cancer patients

 

Not motivated by cues to action, n=483

Motivated by cues to action, n=606

Univariate

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Site

 CGH

59

20

1.00 (reference)

   

 KKH

85

88

3.05 (1.70–5.50)

<0.001

1.28 (0.64–2.58)

0.487

 NCC

80

180

6.64 (3.75–11.75)

<0.001

5.10 (2.68–9.73)

<0.001

 NTFGH

5

2

1.18 (0.21–6.57)

0.85

0.90 (0.13–6.03)

0.914

 NUH

111

53

1.41 (0.77–2.58)

0.266

0.83 (0.41–1.68)

0.6

 SGH

48

59

3.63 (1.92–6.84)

<0.001

1.82 (0.86–3.85)

0.119

 TTSH

95

204

6.34 (3.61–11.12)

<0.001

4.06 (2.15–7.67)

<0.001

Health consciousness

 0

92

330

1.00 (reference)

   

 1

391

276

0.20 (0.15–0.26)

<0.001

0.16 (0.11–0.22)

<0.001

Sociodemographic factors

 Age at diagnosis (categorical)

  50–59

294

316

1.00 (reference)

   

  ≥60

189

290

1.43 (1.12–1.82)

0.004

1.28 (0.92–1.77)

0.141

 Ethnicity

  Chinese

382

506

1.00 (reference)

   

  Malay

52

47

0.68 (0.45–1.03)

0.072

  

  Indian

37

35

0.71 (0.44–1.16)

0.17

  

  Others

12

18

1.13 (0.54–2.38)

0.743

  

 Highest qualification attained

  No formal/primary

78

163

1.67 (1.21–2.29)

0.002

1.15 (0.78–1.70)

0.471

  Secondary

242

303

1.00 (reference)

   

  Post-secondary (non-tertiary)

34

50

1.17 (0.74–1.87)

0.5

1.27 (0.73–2.20)

0.39

  Professional diploma

60

33

0.44 (0.28–0.69)

<0.001

0.59 (0.35–1.01)

0.054

  Tertiary

54

40

0.59 (0.38–0.92)

0.02

0.86 (0.50–1.47)

0.576

  Missing

15

17

    

 Housing

      

  HDB 1–3 rooms

66

126

1.48 (1.06–2.06)

0.021

1.09 (0.73–1.64)

0.663

  HDB >3 rooms

303

391

1.00 (reference)

   

  Private

109

84

0.60 (0.43–0.82)

0.002

0.80 (0.54–1.19)

0.271

  Others/missing

5

5

    

 Marital status

  Married

379

449

1.00 (reference)

   

  Never married

62

64

0.87 (0.60–1.27)

0.472

1.05 (0.54–2.04)

0.887

  Widowed

27

57

1.78 (1.11–2.87)

0.018

1.25 (0.72–2.17)

0.426

  Separated/divorced

15

36

2.03 (1.09–3.76)

0.025

2.07 (0.98–4.35)

0.056

Lifestyle risk factors

 Smoking

  No

470

593

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

13

13

0.79 (0.36–1.73)

0.559

  

 Alcohol

      

  No

468

587

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

15

19

1.01 (0.51–2.01)

0.978

  

 Physical activity between 18 and 30

  1

32

38

0.82 (0.50–1.35)

0.433

1.15 (0.61–2.18)

0.664

  2

275

398

1.00 (reference)

   

  3

40

38

0.66 (0.41–1.05)

0.079

0.58 (0.33–1.03)

0.062

  4

64

82

0.89 (0.62–1.27)

0.509

0.99 (0.65–1.52)

0.972

  5

72

50

0.48 (0.32–0.71)

<0.001

0.70 (0.44–1.12)

0.135

Medical risk factors

 Charlson comorbidity index

  0

354

426

1.00 (reference)

   

  1

96

120

1.04 (0.77–1.41)

0.806

  

  >1

33

60

1.51 (0.97–2.36)

0.071

  

 Previous surgery for benign lump

  No

394

502

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

89

104

0.92 (0.67–1.25)

0.587

  

 Previous gynaecological surgery

  No

291

341

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

192

264

1.17 (0.92–1.50)

0.198

  

  Missing

0

1

    

 Family history of breast cancer

  No

336

424

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

135

159

0.93 (0.71–1.22)

0.617

  

  Missing

12

23

    

 Family history of ovarian cancer

  No

458

559

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

12

20

1.37 (0.66–2.82)

0.401

  

  Missing

13

27

    

Reproductive risk factors

 Age at first full-term pregnancy

  Nulliparous

99

101

0.79 (0.56–1.12)

0.179

0.89 (0.66–1.21)

0.467

  <20

10

35

2.70 (1.30–5.63)

0.008

1.82 (0.77–4.30)

0.174

  20–24

93

116

0.96 (0.68–1.36)

0.828

0.65 (0.43–1.00)

0.048

  25–29

152

197

1.00 (reference)

   

  >30

127

156

0.95 (0.69–1.30)

0.739

1.00 (0.68–1.47)

0.986

  Missing

2

1

    

 Parity

  0

99

101

0.92 (0.66–1.29)

0.64

0.89 (0.66–1.21)

0.467

  1

54

72

1.21 (0.81–1.80)

0.356

1.04 (0.65–1.68)

0.863

  2

210

232

1.00 (reference)

   

  ≥3

120

201

1.52 (1.13–2.03)

0.005

1.04 (0.72–1.49)

0.847

 Infertility treatment

  No

455

573

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

28

33

0.94 (0.56–1.57)

0.802

  

 Oral contraception

  No

384

434

1.00 (reference)

   

  Yes

99

172

1.54 (1.16–2.04)

0.003

1.25 (0.88–1.77)

0.218

 Hormone replacement treatment

  Never

412

506

1.00 (reference)

   

  Ever

67

94

1.14 (0.81–1.60)

0.442

  

  Missing

4

6

    

 Menopausal status at diagnosis

  Post-menopausal

355

490

1.00 (reference)

   

  Pre-menopausal

128

116

0.66 (0.49–0.87)

0.004

0.76 (0.52–1.12)

0.166

  1. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multinomial regression. P indicates p-value obtained from the Wald test. The adjusted model was adjusted for all factors significant in the univariate model. Bold indicates statistical significance at p-value <.05
  2. CGH Changi General Hospital, KKH KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, NCC National Cancer Centre, NTFGH Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, NUH National University Hospital, SGH Singapore General Hospital, TTSH Tan Tock Seng Hospital