Fig. 3

Modulation of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8⁺T cells by helminth antigens in COVID-19 patients. Dot plots are representative of the frequencies of the CD8⁺T cells expressing simultaneously the activation markers CD69 and CD137 after incubation in culture medium (A), with SPP (B), helminth antigens OvAg (C), BmAg (D), AlAg (E) alone or SPP in combination with OvAg (F), BmAg (G), or AlAg (H). Graphs summarize the frequencies of CD69⁺, CD137⁺ in CD8⁺ T cell populations in the different settings (I–K). Each symbol represents individual donors. Bars indicate Means ± SEM of the percentage of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in each setting. Data were obtained from 50 COVID-19 patients