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Table 4 The age-specific association between gestational age and score with daily sleep hours and CSHQ score in preschoolers(n=114,311)

From: Associations between gestational age and childhood sleep: a national retrospective cohort study

 

Daily sleep hours (10.715±2.693)

CSHQ score (46.706±7.576)

Crude β

(95% CI)

p

p*

Adjusted βa

(95% CI)

p

p*

Crude β (95% CI)

p

p*

Adjusted βa

(95% CI)

p

p*

Total

 Very-preterm (<31W)

−0.371 (−0.482, −0.261)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.303 (−0.413, −0.193)

<0.001

<0.001

1.917 (1.606, 2.227)

<0.001

<0.001

1.827 (1.518, 2.136)

<0.001

<0.001

 Moderate-preterm (32–33W)

−0.348 (−0.471, −0.224)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.282 (−0.405, −0.159)

<0.001

<0.001

1.473 (1.127, 1.82)

<0.001

<0.001

1.409 (1.064, 1.754)

<0.001

<0.001

 Late-preterm (34–36W)

−0.275 (−0.332, −0.219)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.201 (−0.258, −0.145)

<0.001

<0.001

0.878 (0.719, 1.037)

<0.001

<0.001

0.832 (0.673, 0.991)

<0.001

<0.001

 Early-term (37–38W)

−0.091 (−0.129, −0.053)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.068 (−0.106, −0.031)

<0.001

<0.001

0.200 (0.094, 0.307)

<0.001

<0.001

0.233 (0.127, 0.339)

<0.001

<0.001

 Full-term (39–40W)

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 Late-term (41–41W)

0.072 (0.005, 0.138)

0.035

0.0035

0.067 (0.001, 0.133)

0.048

0.048

0.075 (−0.112, 0.263)

0.430

0.430

0.005 (−0.182, 0.191)

0.959

0.959

 Post-term (>41W)

−0.166 (−0.240, −0.092)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.110 (−0.184, −0.036)

0.003

0.0036

0.901 (0.693, 1.109)

<0.001

<0.001

0.831 (0.624, 1.039)

<0.001

<0.001

3 years old

 Very-preterm(<31W)

−0.54 (−0.735, −0.345)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.473 (−0.667, −0.279)

<0.001

<0.001

2.240 (1.704, 2.776)

<0.001

<0.001

2.154 (1.620, 2.688)

<0.001

<0.001

 Moderate-preterm(32–33W)

−0.448 (−0.675, −0.221)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.397 (−0.623, −0.171)

0.001

0.002

1.836 (1.211, 2.46)

<0.001

<0.001

1.810 (1.188, 2.433)

<0.001

<0.001

 Late-preterm (34–36W)

−0.256 (−0.357, −0.155)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.191 (−0.291, −0.09)

<0.001

<0.001

0.588 (0.31, 0.865)

<0.001

<0.001

0.546 (0.268, 0.823)

<0.001

<0.001

Early-term (37–38W)

−0.077 (−0.141, −0.014)

0.017

0.0204

−0.059 (−0.123, 0.004)

0.068

0.081

0.180 (0.005, 0.356)

0.044

0.052

0.231 (0.056, 0.406)

0.01

0.012

 Full-term (39–40W)

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 Late-term (41–41W)

−0.028 (−0.139, 0.082)

0.617

0.617

−0.032 (−0.142, 0.078)

0.571

0.571

−0.074 (−0.379, 0.231)

0.634

0.634

−0.163 (−0.467, 0.141)

0.293

0.293

 Post-term (>41W)

−0.215 (−0.348, −0.083)

0.001

0.0015

−0.166 (−0.298, −0.034)

0.014

0.021

0.927 (0.562, 1.292)

<0.001

<0.001

0.845 (0.481, 1.209)

<0.001

<0.001

4 years old

 Very-preterm(<31W)

−0.315 (−0.491, −0.14)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.248 (−0.423, −0.073)

0.005

0.010

1.771 (1.279, 2.263)

<0.001

<0.001

1.648 (1.157, 2.139)

<0.001

<0.001

 Moderate-preterm(32–33W)

−0.237 (−0.43, −0.043)

0.016

0.024

−0.161 (−0.353, 0.032)

0.102

0.122

1.472 (0.93, 2.014)

<0.001

<0.001

1.374 (0.833, 1.914)

<0.001

<0.001

 Late-preterm (34–36W)

−0.236 (−0.328, −0.145)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.166 (−0.258, −0.074)

<0.001

<0.001

1.018 (0.762, 1.275)

<0.001

<0.001

0.954 (0.697, 1.211)

<0.001

<0.001

 Early-term (37–38W)

−0.113 (−0.174, −0.051)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.089 (−0.151, −0.028)

0.004

0.010

0.255 (0.083, 0.427)

0.0036

0.0043

0.283 (0.111, 0.455)

0.001

0.0012

 Full-term (39–40W)

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 Late-term (41–41W)

0.118 (0.012, 0.224)

0.029

0.0348

0.109 (0.004, 0.215)

0.042

0.063

0.308 (0.011, 0.605)

0.042

0.042

0.262 (−0.034, 0.557)

0.083

0.083

 Post-term (>41W)

−0.126 (−0.244, −0.009)

0.035

0.035

−0.077 (−0.194, 0.04)

0.198

0.198

1.022 (0.692, 1.352)

<0.001

<0.001

0.900 (0.571, 1.229)

<0.001

<0.001

5 years old

 Very-preterm(<31W)

−0.254 (−0.462, −0.047)

0.016

0.032

−0.196 (−0.403, 0.011)

0.063

0.094

1.823 (1.227, 2.419)

<0.001

<0.001

1.731 (1.137, 2.326)

<0.001

<0.001

 Moderate-preterm(32–33W)

−0.37 (−0.597, −0.144)

0.001

0.003

−0.329 (−0.555, −0.104)

0.004

0.012

1.221 (0.57, 1.872)

<0.001

<0.001

1.112 (0.463, 1.761)

<0.001

<0.001

 Late-preterm (34–36W)

−0.31 (−0.414, −0.207)

<0.001

<0.001

−0.249 (−0.353, −0.146)

<0.001

<0.001

1.046 (0.749, 1.343)

<0.001

<0.001

0.953 (0.655, 1.251)

0.001

0.0015

 Early-term (37–38W)

−0.074 (−0.147, −0.001)

0.046

0.0552

−0.05 (−0.123, 0.023)

0.182

0.182

0.162 (−0.048, 0.372)

0.130

0.156

0.176 (−0.034, 0.386)

0.101

0.120

Full-term (39–40W)

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 Late-term (41–41W)

0.124 (−0.011, 0.259)

0.071

0.071

0.129 (−0.005, 0.264)

0.056

0.094

−0.112 (−0.499, 0.275)

0.571

0.571

−0.175 (−0.561, 0.211)

0.375

0.375

 Post-term (>41W)

−0.145 (−0.282, −0.007)

0.039

0.0552

−0.091 (−0.228, 0.046)

0.179

0.182

0.78 (0.385, 1.175)

<0.001

<0.001

0.724 (0.330, 1.118)

<0.001

<0.001

  1. Daily sleep hours=5/7*sleep hours on weekdays +2/7*sleep hours at the weekends
  2. CSHQ Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire, CI confidence interval
  3. aAdjusted for age, gender, eyesight, co-sleep, maternal characteristics and family characteristics
  4. p* value corrected after multiple testing
  5. bStatistically significant results (p < 0.05) are in bold