Baseline, 3 and 6 months, mean | Nicotine replacement therapy | Nicotine-containing e-cigarettes | Nicotine-free e-cigarettes | F value, p value, and degrees of freedom |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mobility (%) | ||||
Baseline | 9.88 | 15.48 | 13.92 | F = 0.60, p = 0.55, df = 2,243 |
3 months | 7.41 | 9.52 | 10.13 | F = 0.20, p = 0.82, df = 2,243 |
6 months | 6.17 | 7.14 | 8.86 | F = 0.21, p = 0.81, df = 2,243 |
Self-care (%) | ||||
Baseline | 2.47 | 5.95 | 3.80 | F = 0.65, p = 0.52, df = 2,243 |
3 months | 2.47 | 2.38 | 1.27 | F = 0.12, p = 0.84, df = 2,243 |
6 months | 1.23 | 3.57 | 2.53 | F = 0.20, p = 0.82, df = 2,243 |
Usual activity (%) | ||||
Baseline | 8.64 | 16.67 | 18.99 | F = 1.89, p = 0.15, df = 2,243 |
3 months | 7.41 | 14.29 | 12.66 | F = 1.04, p = 0.36, df = 2,243 |
6 months | 6.17 | 15.48 | 10.13 | F = 1.90, p = 0.15, df = 2,243 |
Pain (%) | ||||
Baseline | 35.80 | 39.29 | 46.84 | F = 1.05, p = 0.35, df = 2,243 |
3 months | 23.46 | 25.00 | 29.11 | F = 0.35, p = 0.70, df = 2,243 |
6 months | 17.28 | 21.43 | 34.18 | F = 3.43, p = 0.03, df = 2,243 |
Depression/anxiety (%) | ||||
Baseline | 38.27 | 45.24 | 51.90 | F = 1.50, p = 0.22, df = 2,243 |
3 months | 23.46 | 42.86 | 43.04 | F = 4.54, p = 0.01, df = 2,243 |
6 months | 24.69 | 50.00 | 44.30 | F = 6.25, p = 0.01, df = 2,243 |
QALY (%) | ||||
Baseline | 41.98 | 34.52 | 32.91 | F = 0.81, p = 0.45, df = 2,243 |
3 months | 62.96 | 44.05 | 43.04 | F = 4.17, p = 0.02, df = 2,243 |
6 months | 64.20 | 42.86 | 43.04 | F = 5.03, p = 0.01, df = 2,243 |
VAS (Mean, SD) | ||||
Baseline, mean (SD) | 71.59 (15.98) | 67.26 (15.24) | 70.96 (17.14) | F = 1.74, p = 0.18, df = 2,243 |
3 months, mean (SD) | 72.38 (14.33) | 70.91 (14.42) | 69.81 (19.24) | F = 0.51, p = 0.60, df = 2,243 |
6 months, mean (SD) | 75.38 (13.80) | 70.29 (16.12) | 72.78 (16.22) | F = 2.24, p = 0.11, df = 2,243 |