Table 1 Characteristics of 26,318 UKWCS participants at recruitment by diet group
Characteristics, mean (SD) or n (%) | Total | Diet group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regular meat-eater | Occasional meat-eater | Pescatarian | Vegetarian | ||
Participants (%) | 26,318 | 13,984 (46.2) | 8000 (26.5) | 3867 (12.8) | 4393 (14.5) |
Cases (%) | 822 (3.1) | 394 (3.2) | 247 (3.6) | 80 (2.4) | 101 (2.6) |
Socio-demographics | |||||
Age, years (SD) | 52.1 (9.2) | 53.3 (9.2) | 53.2 (9.4) | 49.7 (8.5) | 48.3 (8.2) |
Degree-level education (%) | 6502 (26.8) | 2306 (20.7) | 1780 (28.2) | 1143 (35.9) | 1273 (35.1) |
Socioeconomic status (%) | |||||
Professional or managerial | 19,057 (72.4) | 8518 (69.7) | 5120 (74.2) | 2576 (76.3) | 2843 (74.5) |
Intermediate | 2440 (9.3) | 1117 (9.1) | 694 (10.1) | 270 (8.0) | 359 (9.4) |
Routine or manual | 4821 (18.3) | 2586 (21.2) | 1088 (15.8) | 531 (15.7) | 616 (16.1) |
Married (%) | 20,268 (77.0) | 10,103 (82.7) | 5007 (72.5) | 2432 (72.0) | 2726 (71.4) |
White ethnicity (%) | 25,992 (98.8) | 12,139 (99.3) | 6820 (98.8) | 3331 (98.6) | 3702 (97.0) |
Lifestyle | |||||
Exercise (h/day) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) |
Smoking status (%) | |||||
Current | 3513 (13.3) | 1678 (13.7) | 921 (13.3) | 448 (13.3) | 466 (12.2) |
Former | 7947 (30.2) | 3519 (28.8) | 2078 (30.1) | 1161 (34.4) | 1189 (31.1) |
Never | 3110 (11.8) | 7024 (57.5) | 3903 (56.5) | 1768 (52.4) | 2163 (56.7) |
Alcohol consumption (%) | |||||
> 1 serving/week | 13,918 (52.9) | 6798 (55.6) | 3548 (51.4) | 1830 (54.2) | 1742 (45.6) |
≤ 1 serving/week | 9290 (35.3) | 4276 (35.0) | 2471 (35.8) | 1145 (33.9) | 1398 (36.6) |
Never | 3110 (11.8) | 1147 (9.4) | 883 (12.8) | 402 (11.9) | 678 (17.8) |
Nutritional supplementation (%) | 14,009 (53.2) | 5902 (48.3) | 3881 (56.2) | 2070 (61.3) | 2156 (56.5) |
Anthropometrics | |||||
BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 24.4 (4.2) | 25.3 (4.5) | 24.1 (3.9) | 23.3 (3.5) | 23.3 (3.9) |
Height, m (SD) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) |
Dietary nutrient intakes | |||||
Energy intake, kcal/day (SD) | 2300 (654.8) | 2445 (640.3) | 2069 (605.9) | 2294 (656.3) | 2259 (658.2) |
Protein intake, g/day (SD) | 88.1 (26.3) | 100.9 (24.8) | 77.5 (21.3) | 79.6 (23.1) | 74.0 (22.3) |
≥ 0.75 g protein/kg body weight/day (%) | 24,837 (94.4) | 12,067 (98.7) | 6262 (90.7) | 3116 (92.3) | 3392 (88.8) |
Calcium intake, mg/day (SD) | 1135 (365.4) | 1163 (344.6) | 1060 (356.3) | 1183 (395.0) | 1138 (398.0) |
Vitamin D intake, μg/day (SD) | 3.1 (1.7) | 3.6 (1.6) | 2.9 (1.6) | 3.1 (1.8) | 1.9 (1.1) |
Vitamin B12 intake, μg/day (SD) | 2.5 (1.2) | 7.5 (2.9) | 5.1 (2.2) | 4.3 (2.0) | 2.5 (1.2) |
Others | |||||
Premenopausal (%) | 11,707 (44.5) | 7521 (61.5) | 4114 (59.6) | 1531 (45.3) | 1445 (37.8) |
Postmenopausal (%) | 14,611 (55.5) | 4700 (38.5) | 2788 (40.4) | 1846 (54.7) | 2373 (62.2) |
≥ 1 children (%) | 20,723 (78.7) | 10,263 (84.0) | 5324 (77.1) | 2468 (73.1) | 2668 (69.9) |
Prevalence of CVD, cancer, or diabetes (%) | 2388 (9.1) | 1250 (10.2) | 664 (9.6) | 252 (7.5) | 222 (5.8) |