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Table 2 Risk of primary obstetric outcomes among women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS

From: Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: a retrospective population-based matched cohort study in England

Outcomes

Deliveries of women with PCOS* (n = 27,586)

Age-matched deliveries of women without PCOS (n = 110,344)

Preterm (< 37 weeks of gestational age at delivery)

  Number of patients

27,586

110,344

  Outcome events, n(%)

2104 (7.63%)

7520 (6.82%)

  Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

1.13 (1.07–1.19)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 1)

1.12 (1.07–1.17)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 2)

1.09 (1.03–1.14)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 3)

1.11 (1.05–1.17)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 4)

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

Mode of delivery

  Number of patients

27,586

110,344

Outcome events, n(%)

  Emergency CS

3473 (12.59%)

12,073 (10.94%)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

4211 (15.26%)

15,279 (13.85%)

  Instrumental vaginal

3077 (11.15%)

12,573 (11.39%)

  Spontaneous/other/unspecified vaginal

16,825 (60.99%)

70,419 (63.82%)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

  Emergency CS

1.20 (1.15–1.26)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

1.15 (1.11–1.20)

  Instrumental vaginal

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

  Spontaneous/other/unspecified vaginal

Ref

Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 1)

  Emergency CS

1.20 (1.15–1.26)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

1.15 (1.10–1.19)

  Instrumental vaginal

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

  Spontaneous/other/unspecified vaginal

Ref

Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 2)

  Emergency CS

1.17 (1.12–1.23)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

1.13 (1.08–1.18)

  Instrumental vaginal

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

  Spontaneous/Other/Unspecified Vaginal

Ref

Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 3)

  Emergency CS

1.18 (1.12–1.23)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

1.13 (1.09–1.18)

  Instrumental vaginal

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

  Spontaneous/other/unspecified vaginal

Ref

Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 4)

  Emergency CS

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

1.08 (1.04–1.13)

  Instrumental vaginal

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

  Spontaneous/other/unspecified vaginal

Ref

Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 5)

  Emergency CS

1.10 (1.05–1.15)

  Elective/other/unspecified CS

1.07 (1.03–1.12)

  Instrumental vaginal

1.04 (1.00–1.09)

  Spontaneous/other/unspecified vaginal

Ref

High birthweight > 4 kg (for at least one of the babies)

  Number of patients

27,586

110,344

  Outcome events, n(%)

2709 (9.82%)

10,632 (9.64%)

  Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 1)

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 2)

1.03 (0.98–1.07)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 3)

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 4)

0.96 (0.92–1.00)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 5)

0.97 (0.92–1.01)

Low birthweight < 2.5 kg (for at least one of the babies)

  Number of patients

27,586

110,344

  Outcome events, n(%)

1627 (5.90%)

5903 (5.35%)

  Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

1.11 (1.05–1.18)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 1)

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 2)

1.08 (1.02–1.14)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 3)

1.10 (1.03–1.17)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 4)

1.13 (1.06–1.20)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 5)

1.03 (0.95–1.13)

Stillbirth

  Number of patients

27,586

110,344

  Outcome events, n (%)

122 (0.44%)

471 (0.43%)

  Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

1.04 (0.85–1.26)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 1)

1.03 (0.85–1.25)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 2)

1.02 (0.85–1.24)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 3)

1.01 (0.84–1.22)

  Adjusted OR (95% CI) (Model 4)

0.99 (0.81–1.21)

  1. *Record of PCOS/PCO/combination of symptom codes indicating a missed PCOS diagnosis based on Rotterdam criteria [(1) anovulation and (2) biochemical or symptomatic presentation of hyperandrogenism; Read code record of hair loss or hirsutism and a recorded measure of serum testosterone level ≥ 2.0 nmol/L was considered as symptomatic and biochemical presentation of hyperandrogenism, respectively]
  2. PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome, CS Caesarean section, OR Odds ratio
  3. Model 1: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, and deprivation
  4. Model 2: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation, baseline dysglycaemia, hypertension and thyroid disorders
  5. Model 3: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation, baseline dysglycaemia, hypertension, thyroid disorders, and numbers of babies born at the delivery
  6. Model 4: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation, baseline dysglycaemia, hypertension, thyroid disorders, numbers of babies born at the delivery, and pre-gravid body mass index
  7. Model 5: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation, baseline dysglycaemia, hypertension, thyroid disorders, numbers of babies born at the delivery, pre-gravid body mass index, and gestational age
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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