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Table 3 All-cause mortality by frailty phenotype in individuals with and without mental disorders

From: Frailty in individuals with depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders: longitudinal analyses of all-cause mortality

 

Model 1

RD %

Model 2

RD %

HR

95% CI

pBonf.

pBH

HR

95% CI

pBonf.

pBH

Depression

 Non-frail

No

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

 Non-frail

Yes

1.042

0.986

1.101

>0.999

0.158

–

1.016

0.960

1.074

>0.999

0.590

–

 Pre-frail

No

1.352

1.305

1.400

<0.001

<0.001

–

1.233

1.190

1.278

<0.001

<0.001

–

 Pre-frail

Yes

1.457

1.387

1.530

<0.001

<0.001

29.95

1.263

1.200

1.329

<0.001

<0.001

12.91

 Frail

No

2.864

2.630

3.118

<0.001

<0.001

–

1.968

1.803

2.149

<0.001

<0.001

–

 Frail

Yes

3.289

2.990

3.619

<0.001

<0.001

22.83

2.104

1.905

2.325

<0.001

<0.001

14.02

Bipolar disorder

 Non-frail

No

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

 Non-frail

Yes

1.602

1.276

2.011

0.002

<0.001

–

1.359

1.082

1.707

0.253

0.010

–

 Pre-frail

No

1.352

1.305

1.400

<0.001

<0.001

–

1.232

1.188

1.276

<0.001

<0.001

–

 Pre-frail

Yes

2.144

1.784

2.576

<0.001

<0.001

225.04

1.681

1.397

2.022

<0.001

<0.001

193.89

 Frail

No

2.864

2.631

3.118

<0.001

<0.001

–

1.959

1.792

2.142

<0.001

<0.001

–

 Frail

Yes

3.647

2.400

5.543

<0.001

<0.001

42.01

2.296

1.508

3.495

0.003

<0.001

35.06

Anxiety disorder

 Non-frail

No

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

 Non-frail

Yes

0.976

0.907

1.049

>0.999

0.520

–

0.972

0.903

1.046

>0.999

0.478

–

 Pre-frail

No

1.352

1.305

1.400

<0.001

<0.001

–

1.232

1.189

1.276

<0.001

<0.001

–

 Pre-frail

Yes

1.212

1.132

1.298

<0.001

<0.001

− 39.79

1.089

1.016

1.169

0.493

0.019

− 61.39

 Frail

No

2.864

2.631

3.118

<0.001

<0.001

–

1.958

1.792

2.139

<0.001

<0.001

–

 Frail

Yes

3.031

2.625

3.500

<0.001

<0.001

8.97

2.041

1.762

2.364

<0.001

<0.001

8.69

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, RD % percentage risk difference, Ref reference group, Bonf. Bonferroni, BH Benjamini and Hochberg. Age (in years) was used as the underlying time axis. Model 1—unadjusted; Model 2—adjusted for sex, ethnicity, highest qualification, Townsend deprivation index, cohabitation with spouse/partner, smoking status, alcohol intake frequency, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, multimorbidity count and assessment centre