Table 1 Key studies evaluating the GFD in IBS
From: Diet and irritable bowel syndrome: an update from a UK consensus meeting
Lead author | Year | Study design | Study duration | Total number of participants | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biesiekierski [16] | 2011 | DBPC trial | 6 weeks | 34 IBS patients (Rome III) | 68% had inadequate control of symptoms with gluten compared to 40% with placebo (p = 0.0001) |
Biesiekierski [21] | 2013 | Crossover DBPC trial | 9 weeks | 37 IBS patients (Rome III) | No dose dependent effects of gluten seen when placed on a diet low in FODMAPs |
Vasquez-Roque [17] | 2013 | RCT | 4 weeks | 45 IBS-D patients (Rome II) | Individuals on gluten containing diet had more bowel movements per day compared to those on gluten-free diet (p = 0.04) |
Aziz [22] | 2015 | Prospective study | 6 weeks | 41 IBS-D patients (Rome III) | 71% had clinical response to GFD |
Shahbazkhani [18] | 2015 | DBPC trial | 6 weeks | 72 IBS patients (Rome III) | Symptom improvement in gluten containing group lower than placebo (26% vs 84%, p < 0.001) |
Zanwar [19] | 2015 | DBPC trial | 4 weeks | 60 IBS patients (Rome III) | Higher overall symptom VAS score with gluten vs placebo (week 4; 25 vs 10, p < 0.05) |
Barmeyer [14] | 2017 | Prospective study | 4 months | 35 IBS-D/M patients (Rome III) | 34% of patients noted to be responders to GFD |
Paduano [23] | 2019 | Prospective study | 4 weeks | 42 IBS patients (Rome IV) | Reduction in symptom severity (p < 0.01), bloating (p < 0.01), abdominal pain (p < 0.01) on GFD |
Pinto-Sanchez [24] | 2021 | Prospective study | 4 weeks | 50 IBS patients (Rome III) | 75% clinical response for individuals on GFD with positive antigliadin antibodies, 38% response for those without |
Rej [20] | 2022 | RCT | 4 weeks | 101 IBS patients (Rome IV) | 58% clinical response to GFD |