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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics for derivation and validation cohorts of patients admitted to participant hospitals with COVID-19 (n=6490)

From: Development and validation of the MMCD score to predict kidney replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients

Label

Derivation cohort

Temporal validation cohort

Geographic validation cohort

Characteristic

N = 3680a

Non missing cases (%)

N = 1532a

Non missing cases (%)

N = 1378a

Non missing cases (%)

Age (years)

59.0 (47.0, 70.0)

3680 (100%)

62.0 (48.0, 72.0)

1532 (100%)

64.0 (58.0, 72.0)

1378 (100%)

Sex at birth

 

3680 (100%)

 

1532 (100%)

 

1378 (100%)

Men

2,004 (54.5%)

 

869 (56.7%)

 

812 (58.9%)

 

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

1,977 (53.7%)

3680 (100%)

822 (53.7%)

1532 (100%)

967 (70.2%)

1378 (100%)

 Coronary artery disease

180 (4.9%)

3680 (100%)

76 (5.0%)

1532 (100%)

187 (13.6%)

1378 (100%)

 Heart failure

224 (6.1%)

3680 (100%)

74 (4.8%)

1532 (100%)

188 (13.6%)

1378 (100%)

 Atrial fibrillation/flutter

105 (2.9%)

3680 (100%)

47 (3.1%)

1532 (100%)

74 (5.4%)

1378 (100%)

 Stroke

106 (2.9%)

3680 (100%)

53 (3.5%)

1532 (100%)

85 (6.2%)

1378 (100%)

 COPD

198 (5.4%)

3680 (100%)

94 (6.1%)

1532 (100%)

100 (7.3%)

1378 (100%)

 Diabetes mellitus

1,009 (27.4%)

3680 (100%)

453 (29.6%)

1532 (100%)

616 (44.7%)

1378 (100%)

 Obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2)

712 (19.3%)

3680 (100%)

273 (17.8%)

1532 (100%)

454 (32.9%)

1378 (100%)

 Cirrhosis

17 (0.5%)

3680 (100%)

9 (0.6%)

1532 (100%)

42 (3.0%)

1378 (100%)

 Cancer

170 (4.6%)

3680 (100%)

75 (4.9%)

1532 (100%)

147 (10.7%)

1378 (100%)

Number of Comorbiditiesb

 

3680 (100%)

 

1532 (100%)

 

1378 (100%)

 0

1,128 (30.7%)

 

434 (28.3%)

 

160 (11.6%)

 

 1

1,107 (30.1%)

 

501 (32.7%)

 

336 (24.4%)

 

 2

923 (25.1%)

 

392 (25.6%)

 

394 (28.6%)

 

 3

384 (10.4%)

 

149 (9.7%)

 

298 (21.6%)

 

 ≥ 4

138 (3.8%)

 

56 (3.7%)

 

126 (9.1%)

 

Clinical assessment at admission

 SF ratio

433.3 (339.3, 452.4)

3582 (97%)

433.3 (342.9, 452.4)

1506 (98%)

202.7 (107.0, 375.0)

1378 (100%)

 Heart rate (bpm)

88.0 (78.0, 100.0)

3545 (96%)

87.0 (77.0, 100.0)

1489 (97%)

87.0 (77.0, 98.0)

1378 (100%)

 Respiratory rate (irpm)

20.0 (18.0, 24.0)

3043 (83%)

20.0 (18.0, 24.0)

1255 (82%)

24.0 (20.0, 28.0)

1378 (100%)

 Glasgow coma scale

15.0 (15.0, 15.0)

3460 (94%)

15.0 (15.0, 15.0)

1441 (94%)

NA

NA

Systolic blood pressure

 

3524 (96%)

 

1489 (97%)

 

1378 (100%)

 ≥ 90 (mm Hg)

3,338 (94.7%)

 

1,413 (94.9%)

 

1,092 (79.2%)

 

 < 90 (mm Hg)

45 (1.3%)

 

23 (1.5%)

 

20 (1.5%)

 

 Inotrope requirement

141 (4.0%)

 

53 (3.6%)

 

266 (19.3%)

 

Diastolic blood pressure

 

3489 (95%)

 

1481 (97%)

 

1378 (100%)

 > 60 (mm Hg)

2,911 (83.4%)

 

1,236 (83.5%)

 

986 (71.6%)

 

 ≤ 60 (mm Hg)

437 (12.5%)

 

192 (13.0%)

 

126 (9.1%)

 

 Inotrope requirement

141 (4.0%)

 

53 (3.6%)

 

266 (19.3%)

 

 Mechanical ventilation at admission

183 (5.0%)

3676 (100%)

63 (4.1%)

1530 (100%)

393 (28.5%)

1378 (100%)

 Mechanical ventilation after admission

774 (21.0%)

3680 (100%)

276 (18.0%)

1532 (100%)

266 (19.3%)

1378 (100%)

Laboratory parameters

 Haemoglobin (g/L)

13.4 (12.2, 14.5)

3534 (96%)

13.4 (12.1, 14.6)

1491 (97%)

12.4 (10.9, 13.7)

1354 (98%)

 Platelet count (109/L)

193,500.0 (152,000.0, 252,000.0)

3497 (95%)

203,000.0 (156,000.0, 263,850.0)

1478 (96%)

226,000.0 (165,000.0, 304,000.0)

1354 (98%)

 Neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio

4.4 (2.7, 7.4)

3447 (94%)

4.9 (2.9, 8.2)

1437 (94%)

7.5 (4.2, 13.4)

1352 (98%)

 Lactate value

1.4 (1.0, 1.8)

2420 (66%)

1.5 (1.1, 2.0)

999 (65%)

1.6 (1.2, 2.0)

1147 (83%)

 C reactive protein (mg/L)

71.0 (34.0, 134.6)

3178 (86%)

73.5 (35.5, 134.8)

1311 (86%)

NA

NA

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

33.0 (24.0, 47.0)

3310 (90%)

37.0 (27.2, 52.8)

1376 (90%)

48.0 (32.0, 77.0)

1352 (98%)

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

3417 (93%)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1434 (94%)

1.0 (0.8, 1.7)

1352 (98%)

 Sodium (mmol/L)

137.0 (135.0, 140.0)

3215 (87%)

137.0 (134.9, 140.0)

1356 (89%)

138.0 (135.0, 141.0)

1353 (98%)

 Bicarbonate (mEq/L)

23.2 (21.2, 25.2)

2957 (80%)

23.0 (21.0, 25.0)

1217 (79%)

25.0 (22.0, 27.0)

1294 (94%)

 pH

7.4 (7.4, 7.5)

2968 (81%)

7.4 (7.4, 7.5)

1217 (79%)

7.4 (7.3, 7.4)

1294 (94%)

 Arterial pO2

75.0 (63.8, 94.0)

2927 (80%)

74.3 (63.0, 93.7)

1203 (79%)

69.2 (58.5, 84.5)

1092 (79%)

 Arterial pCO2

35.0 (31.9, 39.0)

2940 (80%)

34.0 (30.9, 38.0)

1205 (79%)

38.3 (33.5, 45.6)

1092 (79%)

 Dialysis

343 (9.3%)

3680 (100%)

128 (8.4%)

1532 (100%)

278 (20.2%)

1378 (100%)

 In-hospital mortality

554 (15.1%)

3679 (100%)

229 (14.9%)

1532 (100%)

462 (33.5%)

1378 (100%)

  1. aStatistics presented: n (%); Median (IQR), COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SF ratio SpO2/FiO2 ratio, BMI body mass index, NA not available. bComorbidities included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and previous stroke