Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Â | Imaging method | |
|---|---|---|
DXA analysis | CT analysis | |
Number of participants | 3468 | 2139 |
Follow-up time (years) | 9.6 (7.6–10.6) | 8.6 (7.9–9.2) |
Age (years) | 72.4 (6.8) | 68.7 (6.4) |
Sex (female), N (%) | 2 038 (58.8) | 1150 (53.8) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5 (4.0) | 27.8 (4.0) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 150.6 (21.1) | 146.8 (20.1) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.1 (10.8) | 80.3 (10.8) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.65 (0.98) | 5.69 (0.98) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.45 (0.39) | 1.44 (0.39) |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.90 (0.09) | 0.91 (0.09) |
Alcohol intake (g/day) | 11.5 (13.9) | 13.1 (15.2) |
Smoking, N (%) | ||
 Never | 1013 (29.2) | 616 (28.7) |
 Ex-smoker | 1912 (55.1) | 1188 (55.5) |
 Current smoker | 543 (15.7) | 335 (15.7) |
Medication, N (%) | ||
 Blood pressure-lowering medication | 1534 (44.2) | 838 (39.2) |
 Lipid-lowering medication | 775 (22.3) | 504 (23.7) |
 Cardiac medication | 314 (9.1) | 122 (5.7) |
History of diseases, N (%) | ||
 Diabetes mellitus | 438 (12.6) | 267 (12.5) |
 Left ventricular hypertrophy | 192 (5.5) | 118 (5.5) |
 Heart failure | 129 (3.7) | 37 (1.7) |
 Coronary heart disease | 338 (9.7) | 145 (6.8) |
 Hypertension | 2775 (80.0) | 1595 (74.6) |
DXA measures | ||
 Fat mass (kg) | 26.41 (8.76) | – |
 Percentage of fat mass (%) | 36.2 (9.3) | – |
 Lean mass (kg) | 46.81 (9.25) | – |
 Percentage of lean mass (%) | 63.9 (9.3) | – |
 Gynoid fat mass (kg) | 4.05 (1.41) | – |
 Percentage of gynoid fat (%) | 6.2 (2.2) | – |
 Android fat mass (kg) | 2.51 (0.94) | – |
 Percentage of android fat (%) | 3.4 (1.1) | – |
 Total body mass (kg) | 73.22 (12.70) | – |
 Android to gynoid fat ratio | 0.64 (0.20) | – |
CT measures | ||
 Liver attenuation (HU) | – | 61.6 (55.1–65.6) |
 Epicardial fat volume (ml) | – | 108.5 (40.3) |