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Table 2 Hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer outcomes per 1 mg/L higher CRP concentration based on observation data

From: C-reactive protein and cancer risk: a pan-cancer study of prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization analysis

 

Low CRP (≤ 3mg/L)

 

High CRP (>3 mg/L)

FDR-adjusted Pheterogeneity

No (incident cases)

Person years

HR (95%CI)

P

No (incident cases)

Person years

HR (95%CI)

P

Overall cancer

327,031 (26,173)

2,237,479

1.04 (1.03,1.06)

<0.001

<0.001

93,933 (8,806)

635,846

1.01 (1.01,1.01)

<0.001

<0.001

Head & neck (C00–14)

301,209 (351)

2,137,461

1.08 (0.93,1.25)

0.318

0.663

85,283 (156)

603,797

1.02 (0.99,1.05)

0.180

0.482

Esophagus (C15)

301,201 (344)

2,137,476

1.14 (0.99,1.32)

0.078

0.434

85,273 (146)

603,701

1.04 (1.01,1.07)

0.014

0.217

Stomach (C16)

301,087 (229)

2,136,975

1.05 (0.87,1.26)

0.614

0.873

85,232 (106)

603,559

1.03 (0.99,1.07)

0.154

0.833

Colorectal (C18–20)

303,003 (2,145)

2,144,527

1.11 (1.04,1.18)

0.001

0.033

85,917 (791)

605,899

1.02 (1.00,1.03)

0.027

0.006

Liver (C22)

301,037 (179)

2,136,852

1.20 (0.98,1.47)

0.080

0.235

85,230 (103)

603,594

1.01 (0.97,1.05)

0.788

0.096

Gallbladder (C23–24)

300,952 (94)

2,136,473

0.87 (0.65,1.17)

0.351

0.873

85,172 (45)

603,354

0.90 (0.82,0.99)

0.035

0.808

Pancreas (C25)

301,268 (410)

2,137,813

1.14 (0.99,1.30)

0.066

0.163

85,286 (159)

603,798

0.99 (0.95,1.02)

0.510

0.052

Lung (C33–34)

301,995 (1,137)

2,140,855

1.26 (1.16,1.36)

<0.001

<0.001

85,882 (755)

606,121

1.03 (1.02,1.05)

<0.001

<0.001

Melanoma (C43)

301,966 (1,111)

2,140,358

0.98 (0.9,1.07)

0.655

0.663

85,437 (310)

604,460

1.01 (0.99,1.04)

0.238

0.464

Non-melanotic skin (C44)

309,450 (8,597)

2,170,575

1.01 (0.97,1.04)

0.729

0.945

87,430 (2,305)

612,401

1.01 (1.00,1.02)

0.128

0.945

Breast (C50)

160,803 (3,644)

1,130,896

1.07 (1.02,1.13)

0.003

0.007

51,446 (1,371)

361,233

0.99 (0.98,1.00)

0.137

0.001

Uterus (C54-55)

157,651 (491)

1,119,136

1.13 (1.00,1.28)

0.050

0.226

50,382 (306)

357,326

1.01 (0.99,1.04)

0.321

0.082

Ovary (C56)

157,548 (388)

1,118,715

1.12 (0.97,1.29)

0.126

0.304

50,223 (147)

356,717

1.00 (0.96,1.04)

0.993

0.138

Prostate (C61)

148,034 (4,337)

1,035,523

0.99 (0.95,1.03)

0.649

0.824

36,092 (1,043)

250,894

1.00 (0.99,1.01)

0.811

0.712

Kidney (C64)

301,320 (463)

2,137,990

1.13 (0.99,1.28)

0.066

0.477

85,362 (235)

604,047

1.05 (1.03,1.07)

<0.001

0.278

Bladder (C67)

301,270 (412)

2,137,591

1.05 (0.91,1.20)

0.524

0.819

85,281 (154)

603,785

1.01 (0.98,1.05)

0.394

0.670

CNS (C70–72)

301,185 (327)

2,137,370

1.14 (0.98,1.33)

0.092

0.154

85,232 (105)

603,587

0.96 (0.92,1.01)

0.113

0.037

Thyroid (C73)

301,031 (173)

2,136,726

1.07 (0.86,1.32)

0.553

0.819

85,179 (52)

603,385

1.01 (0.96,1.07)

0.617

0.656

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–85, 96)

301,634 (776)

2,139,208

1.08 (0.98,1.20)

0.123

0.477

85,447 (320)

604,276

1.02 (1.00,1.05)

0.040

0.282

Multiple myeloma (C90)

301,172 (315)

2,137,379

0.89 (0.76,1.05)

0.182

0.625

85,211 (84)

603,538

0.96 (0.91,1.02)

0.178

0.398

CLL (C91)

301,166 (308)

2,137,248

0.83 (0.70,0.98)

0.033

0.154

85,205 (78)

603,491

1.00 (0.95,1.05)

0.924

0.042

  1. Adjusted for age, sex (female, male), ethnic (White, Asian, African, mixed background, unknown), education (no degree, degree, unknown), Townsend deprivation index, standing height, BMI, smoking status (never, previous, current, unknown), alcohol use (never, previous, current, unknown), physical activity (<600 MET/week, 600–3000 MET/week, ≥3000 MET/week), family cancer (no, yes), and assessment center
  2. Further adjusted for menopausal (no, yes, not sure, unknown), oral contraceptive use (never, ever, unknown), and hormone replacement therapy (never, ever, unknown) for female
  3. CNS central nervous system, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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