Table 1 Patient characteristics
|  | Camostat mesilate (N = 78) | Placebo (N = 77) | Total (N = 155) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
 Male | 35 (44.9) | 43 (55.8) | 78 (50.3) |
 Female | 43 (55.1) | 34 (44.2) | 77 (49.7) |
Race | |||
 Asian | 78 (100.0) | 77 (100.0) | 155 (100.0) |
Age at the time of consent (years) | |||
 ≥ 65 | 30 (38.5) | 29 (37.7) | 59 (38.1) |
 < 65 | 48 (61.5) | 48 (62.3) | 96 (61.9) |
 Mean ± standard deviation | 55.7 ± 18.8 | 56.1 ± 18.2 | 55.9 ± 18.4 |
 Median (range) | 59.0 (21–89) | 56.0 (21–94) | 58.0 (21–94) |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||
 Mean ± standard deviation | 24.5 ± 5.2 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 24.2 ± 4.5 |
 Median (range) | 23.9 (14.1–46.2) | 23.2 (18.4–33.5) | 23.8 (14.1–46.2) |
Underlying diseasesa | 36 (46.2) | 35 (45.5) | 71 (45.8) |
 Chronic respiratory disease | 11 (14.1) | 14 (18.2) | 25 (16.1) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 5 (6.4) | 4 (5.2) | 9 (5.8) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 15 (19.2) | 12 (15.6) | 27 (17.4) |
 Hypertension | 24 (30.8) | 20 (26.0) | 44 (28.4) |
 Cardiovascular disease | 4 (5.1) | 4 (5.2) | 8 (5.2) |
 Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 9 (11.5) | 6 (7.8) | 15 (9.7) |
Duration from the onset dateb (days) | |||
 < 4 | 43 (55.1) | 34 (44.2) | 77 (49.7) |
 ≥ 4 | 35 (44.9) | 43 (55.8) | 78 (50.3) |
 Mean ± standard deviation | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 1.2 |
 Median (range) | 3.0 (0–5) | 4.0 (1–5) | 4.0 (0–5) |
Test method used at the study site to measure COVID-19 viral load | |||
 RT-PCR | 71 (91.0) | 71 (92.2) | 142 (91.6) |
 LAMP test | 7 (9.0) | 5 (6.5) | 12 (7.7) |
 Missing | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) |
Sample type used for negative/positive determination | |||
 Nasopharyngeal swab | 56 (71.8) | 52 (67.5) | 108 (69.7) |
 Nasal swab | 9 (11.5) | 7 (9.1) | 16 (10.3) |
 Saliva | 13 (16.7) | 17 (22.1) | 30 (19.4) |
 Missing | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) |
SARS-CoV-2 viral load (central laboratory) (log10 copies/mL) | |||
 < 7 | 39 (50.0) | 45 (58.4) | 84 (54.2) |
 ≥ 7 | 39 (50.0) | 32 (41.6) | 71 (45.8) |
 Mean ± standard deviation | 6.69 ± 1.48 | 6.41 ± 1.69 | 6.55 ± 1.59 |
 Median (range) | 6.98 (3.40–9.08) | 6.61 (3.40–9.40) | 6.91 (3.40–9.40) |
Ordinal scale for severity | |||
 3: Hospitalized, no oxygen therapy | 78 (100.0) | 77 (100.0) | 155 (100.0) |
Presence of lung lesions | 38 (48.7) | 42 (54.5) | 80 (51.6) |
IgM antibody test (central laboratory) | |||
 Positive | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.6) | 3 (1.9) |
 Negative | 77 (98.7) | 75 (97.4) | 152 (98.1) |
 Mean ± standard deviation | 0.023 ± 0.081 | 0.042 ± 0.180 | 0.033 ± 0.139 |
 Median (range) | 0.010 (0.00–0.72) | 0.010 (0.00–1.14) | 0.010 (0.00–1.14) |
IgG antibody test (central laboratory) | |||
 Positive | 2 (2.6) | 0 | 2 (1.3) |
 Negative | 76 (97.4) | 77 (100.0) | 153 (98.7) |
 Mean ± standard deviation | 0.078 ± 0.470 | 0.011 ± 0.009 | 0.045 ± 0.334 |
 Median (range) | 0.010 (0.00–3.91) | 0.010 (0.00–0.08) | 0.010 (0.00–3.91) |
Presence of clinical symptoms | 55 (70.5) | 53 (68.8) | 108 (69.7) |