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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Circulating serum metabolites as predictors of dementia: a machine learning approach in a 21-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study

Fig. 2

Observed and predicted rate of dementia per 1000 person-years (calibration-in-the-large) as a function of deciles of predictors (age, risk score 3, risk score 4 and risk score 5). VLDL, very low-density lipoproteins; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. The first and second decile were collapsed due to a small number of events in these deciles. Risk score 3 includes age, glucose, phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL (%) and creatinine (mmol/l). Risk score 4 includes age, glucose, phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL (%), creatinine (mmol/l), and triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL (%). Risk score 5 includes age, glucose, phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL (%), creatinine (mmol/l), triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL (%), phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL (%), alanine (mmol/l), 3-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/l), free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL (%), citrate (mmol/l), free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL (%), free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL (%), triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL (%), phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small HDL (%), sphingomyelins (mmol/l) and albumin (signal area)

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