Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Hughes, Sean M.; Levy, Claire N.; Katz, Ronit; Lokken, Erica M.; Anahtar, Melis N.; Hall, Melissa Barousse; Bradley, Frideborg; Castle, Philip E.; Cortez, Valerie; Doncel, Gustavo F.; Fichorova, Raina; Fidel, Paul L.; Fowke, Keith R.; Francis, Suzanna C.; Ghosh, Mimi; Hwang, Loris Y.; Jais, Mariel; Jespers, Vicky; Joag, Vineet; Kaul, Rupert; Kyongo, Jordan; Lahey, Timothy; Li, Huiying; Makinde, Julia; McKinnon, Lyle R.; Moscicki, Anna-Barbara; Novak, Richard M.; Patel, Mickey V.; Sriprasert, Intira; Thurman, Andrea R.; Yegorov, Sergey; Mugo, Nelly Rwamba; Roxby, Alison C.; Micks, Elizabeth; Hladik, Florian

doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02532-9

Table 2 Characteristics of studies

From: Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Study	Participants	Immune factors	Sample type	Assay method	Phasing method	Luteal samples	Follicular samples	Periovulatory samples	Countries	Data source	Risk of bias^e
Arnold-2016 [48]	23	14	CVL	MSD	Days since LMP	7	16	-	Kenya	IPD	4
Barousse-2007 [49]	22	16	CVL	ELISA	Progesterone	15	16	-	USA	IPD	5
Boily-Larouche-2019 [10]	26	19	CVL	Luminex^b	Progesterone	23	14	-	Kenya	IPD	4
Bradley-2018 [11]	16	10	Swab^c	Luminex	Progesterone plus LH	14	22	5	Sweden	IPD	6
Byrne-2016 [12]	49	14	CVL	Luminex	Progesterone^a	16	33	-	South Africa	IPD	6
Castle-2002 [13]	11	4	Sponge^d	ELISA	Days since LMP	5	6	-	USA	IPD	4
Cortez-2014 [14]	14	26	Swab^c	Luminex	Days since LH peak	143	136	27	Kenya	IPD	5
Fidel-2003 [50]	112	12	CVL	ELISA	Progesterone plus LH	36	58	18	USA	IPD	4
Francis-2016 [15]	42	45	CVL	Luminex	Urine PDG/CRT	206	131	-	Tanzania	IPD	5
Ghosh-2010 [51]	16	4	CVL	ELISA	Days since LMP	6	10	-	USA	IPD	5
Hughes-2021 [52]	28	15	Menstrual cup	ELISA, MSD	Progesterone	19	27	-	USA	IPD	6
Hughes-unpublished	90	20	CVL	MSD	Progesterone	65	88	-	Kenya	IPD	5
Hwang-2011 [53]	8	11	CVL	Luminex	Days since LMP	5	3	-	USA	IPD	4
Jais-2016 [19]	20	11	CVL	ELISA	Days since LMP	20	20	-	USA	IPD	5
Jais-2017 [54]	20	2	CVL	ELISA	Days since LMP	20	20	-	USA	IPD	5
Jespers-2017 [21]	37	12	CVL	Luminex, MSD, ELISA	Days since LMP	74	110	-	Rwanda, South Africa, Kenya	IPD	5
Joag-unpublished	18	16	Menstrual cup	MSD	Progesterone	12	21	-	Kenya	IPD	5
Kyongo-2012 [23]	31	12	CVL	Luminex, ELISA	Days since LMP^a	59	87	-	Belgium	IPD	5
Lahey-2012 [55]	16	3	CVL	ELISA	Days since LMP	6	10	-	USA	IPD	4
Lieberman-2008 [56]	8	14	Sponge^d	Luminex	Days since LMP	3	5	-	USA	IPD	5
Makinde-2018 [26]	7	38	Menstrual cup	Luminex	Days since LMP^a	7	7	-	UK	IPD	4
Moscicki-2020 [57]	18	13	CVL	Luminex	Days since LMP	20	21	-		IPD	5
Novak-2007 [58]	49	4	Sponge^d, CVL	ELISA	Days since LMP	19	33	-	USA	IPD	5
Patel-2014 [27]	4	6	Menstrual cup	ELISA	Days since LMP^a	4	8	-	USA	IPD	3
Safaeian-2009 [63]	23	2	Sponge^d	ELISA	Days since LH peak^a	23	23	23	Costa Rica	Extracted IPD	5
Sriprasert-2020 [59]	7	2	CVL	ELISA	Progesterone	5	15	-	USA	IPD	5
Thurman-2015 [60]	13	17	CVL	MSD	Days since LMP	8	5	-	USA	IPD	4
Thurman-2017 [61]	20	14	CVL	ELISA, Luminex	Progesterone	15	22	-	USA	IPD	6
Thurman-unpublished	15	16	CVL	ELISA, Luminex	Days since LMP	11	15	-	USA	IPD	5
Yegorov-2019 [62]	9	19	Menstrual cup	ELISA, MSD	Days since end of LMP	3	6	-	Uganda	IPD	4
Shust-2010 [31]	9	16	CVL	ELISA, Luminex	Progesterone^a	26	25	-	USA	Extracted summary	6
New wet lab data^f	99	13	CVL	ELISA, MSD	Progesterone	80	102	-	Kenya	IPD	5

The number of samples shown includes only those that were eligible for inclusion in the primary analysis. CVL cervicovaginal lavage, LMP last menstrual period, LH luteinizing hormone, PDG Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide, CRT creatinine, MSD Meso Scale Discovery
^aProgesterone concentrations or days since LMP/LH peak were unavailable, so samples were phased based on the phases assigned by the study authors
^b“Luminex” includes other bead-based immunoassays
^cBoth swab studies used vaginal swabs
^dAll sponge studies sampled the endocervix or the cervical os
^eRisk of bias scale: high = 0–1, medium = 2–3, low = 4–6
^fThe exploratory and validation experiments performed for this article

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ISSN: 1741-7015

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