Table 1 Study patient characteristics by country and rectal artesunate use
Background characteristic | DRC | Nigeria | Uganda | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No RAS (N=475) | RAS (N=1536) | P-value | No RAS (N=391) | RAS (N=198) | P-value | No RAS (N=2018) | RAS (N=1668) | P-value | |
Female, n (%) | 221 (47) | 719 (47) | 0.91 | 151 (39) | 86 (43) | 0.26 | 944 (47) | 781 (47) | 0.98 |
Mean age in years (SD) | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.3) | 0.002 | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.2) | 0.67 | 1.8 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.2) | 0.55 |
Danger sign at enrolment, n (%) | |||||||||
 Convulsions | 248 (52) | 884 (58) | 0.04 | 233 (60) | 154 (78) | < 0.001 | 590 (29) | 829 (50) | < 0.001 |
 Unusually sleepy/unconscious | 175 (37) | 322 (21) | < 0.001 | 249 (64) | 119 (60) | 0.40 | 1239 (61) | 1480 (89) | < 0.001 |
 Not able to drink or feed | 322 (68) | 704 (46) | < 0.001 | 252 (64) | 107 (54) | 0.01 | 1152 (57) | 1262 (76) | < 0.001 |
 Vomiting everything | 44 (9) | 160 (10) | 0.47 | 284 (73) | 103 (52) | < 0.001 | 1271 (63) | 1038 (62) | 0.64 |
Enrolment location, n (%) | |||||||||
 Community health worker | 21 (4) | 69 (4) |  | 227 (58) | 87 (44) |  | 2018 (100) | 1668 (100) |  |
 Primary health centre | 454 (96) | 1467 (96) | 0.95 | 164 (42) | 111 (56) | 0.001 |  |  |  |
Area (DRC/Nigeria/Uganda), n (%) | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Ipamu/Fufore/Kole | 81 (17) | 556 (36) |  | 185 (47) | 52 (26) |  | 1303 (65) | 410 (25) |  |
 Kenge/Mayo-Belwa/Oyam | 207 (44) | 536 (35) |  | 150 (38) | 99 (50) |  | 398 (20) | 576 (35) |  |
 Kingandu/Song/Kwania | 187 (39) | 444 (29) |  | 56 (14) | 47 (24) |  | 317 (16) | 682 (41) |  |
Rainy seasona, n (%) | 342 (72) | 738 (48) | < 0.001 | 281 (72) | 159 (80) | 0.03 | 1441 (71) | 868 (52) | < 0.001 |
RAS implementation period, n (%) | |||||||||
 Pre-RAS | 302 (64) | 2 (0) |  | 217 (55) | 0 (0) |  | 1394 (69) | 47 (3) |  |
 Post-RAS | 173 (36) | 1534 (100) | < 0.001 | 174 (45) | 198 (100) | < 0.001 | 624 (31) | 1621 (97) | < 0.001 |