Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included studies in this meta-analysis
Studies (author-year) | Study design | Data source | Inclusion period (y) | AF population for analysis | Sample size (N) | Early rhythm control (N[%]) | Age (y)a | Females (%)a | Follow-up time (y) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kirchhof-2020 [8] | RCT | EAST-AFNET 4 | 2011-2016 | AF diagnosed ≤ 12 months before enrollment | 2789 | 1395 (50.0) | 71.0 | 46.2 | 5.1 |
Blomström-2020 [11] | Post hoc analysis of RCT | ATHENA | 2005-2006 | AF diagnosed ≤ 3 months before enrollment | 1296 | 670 (51.7) | 72.5 | 72.0 | NA |
Yang-2021 [12] | Post hoc analysis of RCT | AFFIRM | 1995-2002 | AF diagnosed ≤ 6 months before enrollment | 2526 | 1269 (50.2) | 71.0 | 38.3 | 3.5 |
Proietti-2022 [19] | Observational cohort | ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry | 2013-2016 | AF diagnosed ≤ 12 months before enrollment | 3774 | 2052 (54.4) | 69.0 | 44.1 | 1.85 |
Kim-2021 [10] | Observational cohort | National Health Insurance Service of Korea | 2011-2015 | AF diagnosed ≤ 12 months before enrollment | 16323 | 9246 (56.6) | 69.0 | 47.1 | 2.1 |
Chao-2022 [22] | Observational cohort | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | 2001-2016 | AF diagnosed ≤ 12 months before enrollment | 301064 | 62649 (20.8) | 68.3 | 44.5 | 5.1 |
Dickow-2022 [21] | Retrospective cohort | US administrative database | 2011-2016 | AF diagnosed ≤ 12 months before enrollment | 109739 | 27106 (24.7) | 68.9 | 40.8 | 2.6 |
Kany-2022 [20] | Retrospective cohort | UK Biobank database | 2006-2010 | AF diagnosed ≤ 12 months before enrollment | 9691 | 874 (9.91) | 68.0 | 42.0 | 4.94a |