Maintaining healthy sleep patterns and frailty transitions: a prospective Chinese study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 23,847 participants by transitions of frailty

Baseline characteristics	Baseline robust			Baseline prefrail
Baseline characteristics	Remained	Worsening	P	Improvement	Remained	Worsening	P
N (%)	7808 (54.5)	6517 (45.5)		1775 (18.6)	6716 (70.5)	1031 (10.8)
Sociodemographic
Male	38.9	38.3	0.485	40.6	37.8	33.0	< 0.001
Urban	41.3	44.3	< 0.001	38.5	43.9	54.7	< 0.001
Age (years)	46.7	51.4	< 0.001	50.4	55.1	59.1	< 0.001
Lower than middle school	46.8	49.5	< 0.001	59.0	58.1	59.0	0.975
Lifestyle factors
Current smoker	26.4	28.4	0.001	26.8	27.3	29.5	0.068
Current drinker	52.7	53.1	0.028	50.5	49.5	46.9	0.597
Diseases status and medication
Had cardiovascular diseases and medication	0.9	1.9	< 0.001	4.4	8.6	10.4	< 0.001
Had diabetes and medication	0.2	0.5	0.009	0.8	3.2	5.4	< 0.001
Sleep duration (h/d)			0.001				< 0.001
7 or 8	64.5	61.9		60.9	58.8	52.0
≤ 6	18.7	20.6		21.7	23.5	30.4
≥ 9	16.8	17.5		17.4	17.8	17.7
Insomnia			0.168				0.001
No	98.3	97.9		95.6	95.6	92.6
Yes	1.7	2.1		4.4	4.4	7.4
Snoring			< 0.001				< 0.001
No	61.8	54.8		52.5	43.9	42.6
Yes	38.2	45.2		47.5	56.1	57.4
Baseline healthy sleep scores			< 0.001				< 0.001
0~1	14.0	17.7		20.0	24.1	30.7
2	47.0	49.3		49.5	52.1	48.7
3	39.0	33.0		30.4	23.8	20.6

Baseline characteristics were adjusted for sex, age, and study areas, except for the 3 variables

ISSN: 1741-7015