Table 1 Randomized trials characteristics
From: Transparency and reporting characteristics of COVID-19 randomized controlled trials
Characteristic | Overall, n = 251 | Preprints, n = 130 | Journal publications, n = 121 |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of arms | |||
 2 arms | 216 (86%) | 111 (85%) | 105 (87%) |
 More than 2 arms | 35 (14%) | 19 (15%) | 16 (13%) |
Sample size (median, IQR) | 101 (56–253)a | 100 (56–268)a | 103 (60–237) |
Setting | |||
 Single countryb | 223 (89%) | 112 (86%) | 111 (92%) |
  Iran | 40 (16%) | 19 (15%) | 21 (17%) |
  China | 31 (12%) | 11 (9%) | 20 (17%) |
  USA | 26 (10%) | 11 (9%) | 15 (12%) |
  Brazil | 20 (8%) | 7 (5%) | 13 (11%) |
  India | 20 (8%) | 12 (9%) | 8 (7%) |
  UK | 11 (4%) | 8 (6%) | 3 (3%) |
  Egypt | 10 (4%) | 5 (4%) | 5 (4%) |
  Argentina | 7 (3%) | 6 (5%) | 1 (1%) |
  Mexico | 6 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 1 (1%) |
  Bangladesh | 5 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (3%) |
  Pakistan | 5 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (3%) |
  Spain | 5 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
  France | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3%) |
  Netherlands | 3 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
 Multinational | 28 (11%) | 18 (14%) | 10 (8%) |
Number of centers | |||
 Single-center | 104 (41%) | 53 (41%) | 51 (42%) |
 Multicenter | 144 (57%) | 77 (59%) | 67 (55%) |
 No information | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3%) |
Types of patientsc | |||
 Outpatient | 29 (12%) | 19 (15%) | 10 (8%) |
 Inpatient | 204 (81%) | 101 (79%) | 103 (85%) |
  Only mild patients | 21 (8%) | 9 (7%) | 12 (10%) |
  Only moderate patients | 17 (7%) | 6 (5%) | 11 (9%) |
  Only severe patients | 31 (12%) | 17 (13%) | 14 (12%) |
  Only critical patients | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) |
  Mixed patients | 132 (53%) | 69 (53%) | 63 (52%) |
 Unclear | 18 (7%) | 10 (8%) | 8 (7%) |
Treatments | |||
 Antimicrobials (antibiotics, antimalarials, antiparasitics) | 52 (21%) | 28 (22%) | 24 (20%) |
 Antivirals | 50 (20%) | 20 (15%) | 30 (25%) |
 Monoclonal antibodies | 28 (11%) | 14 (11%) | 14 (12%) |
 Convalescent plasma | 17 (7%) | 11 (9%) | 6 (5%) |
 Corticosteroids | 11 (4%) | 5 (4%) | 6 (5%) |
 Interferons | 9 (4%) | 7 (5%) | 2 (2%) |
 Other immunomodulators | 9 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 5 (4%) |
 Supplements | 9 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 6 (5%) |
 ATMP | 7 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 3 (3%) |
 NSAIDs and anti-inflammatories | 7 (3%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (2%) |
 Antithrombotic (antiplatelet, anticoagulant, thrombolytic drug) | 6 (2%) | 4 (3%) | 2 (2%) |
 Kinase inhibitors | 4 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) |
 Others | 34 (14%) | 20 (15%) | 14 (12%) |
 Combinations | 8 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 6 (5%) |
Funding | |||
 Public | 101 (40%) | 48 (37%) | 53 (44%) |
 Mixed (public and private funding) | 64 (25%) | 41 (32%) | 23 (19%) |
 Private | 46 (18%) | 26 (20%) | 20 (17%) |
 No specific funding | 27 (11%) | 11 (8%) | 16 (13%) |
 No information | 13 (5%) | 4 (3%) | 9 (7%) |