Table 1 Characteristics of 61,437 internal medicine inpatients aged 18 years or older and fasting for more than 10 daysa in Japan, January 2011 to September 2020
Variables | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-ILE group (n = 41,819) | ILE group (n = 19,618) | Standardized difference, % | Non-ILE group (n = 19,602) | ILE group (n = 19,602) | Standardized difference, % | |
Age (years) | ||||||
18–59 | 6888 (16.5) | 3415 (17.4) | − 4.4 | 3420 (17.4) | 3411 (17.4) | 0.1 |
60–69 | 8073 (19.3) | 3747 (19.1) | 3762 (19.2) | 3744 (19.1) | ||
70–79 | 11,097 (26.5) | 5429 (27.7) | 5407 (27.6) | 5427 (27.7) | ||
80–89 | 11,596 (27.7) | 5437 (27.7) | 5417 (27.6) | 5431 (27.7) | ||
> 90 | 4165 (10.0) | 1590 (8.1) | 1596 (8.1) | 1589 (8.1) | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 22,131 (52.9) | 11,453 (58.4) | − 11.0 | 11,475 (58.5) | 11,439 (58.4) | 0.4 |
Female | 19,688 (47.1) | 8165 (41.6) | 8127 (41.5) | 8163 (41.6) | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
<16 | 5350 (12.8) | 2793 (14.2) | − 6.3 | 2797 (14.3) | 2790 (14.2) | − 0.1 |
16–18.5 | 9193 (22.0) | 4516 (23.0) | 4464 (22.8) | 4513 (23.0) | ||
18.5–22.5 | 16,613 (39.7) | 7673 (39.1) | 7680 (39.2) | 7668 (39.1) | ||
22.5–25 | 6050 (14.5) | 2712 (13.8) | 2758 (14.1) | 2709 (13.8) | ||
25–30 | 3847 (9.2) | 1650 (8.4) | 1642 (8.4) | 1648 (8.4) | ||
≥ 30 | 766 (1.8) | 274 (1.4) | 261 (1.3) | 274 (1.4) | ||
Number of hospital beds | ||||||
< 200 | 4156 (9.9) | 1880 (9.6) | 6.5 | 1848 (9.4) | 1879 (9.6) | − 0.6 |
200–500 | 23,247 (55.6) | 10,246 (52.2) | 10,226 (52.2) | 10,236 (52.2) | ||
≥ 500 | 14,416 (34.5) | 7492 (38.2) | 7528 (38.4) | 7487 (38.2) | ||
Year of admission | ||||||
2011–2012 | 3698 (8.8) | 1571 (8.0) | 5.6 | 1577 (8.0) | 1571 (8.0) | 0.3 |
2013–2014 | 7603 (18.2) | 3305 (16.8) | 3309 (16.9) | 3304 (16.9) | ||
2015–2016 | 10,543 (25.2) | 4854 (24.7) | 4885 (24.9) | 4850 (24.7) | ||
2017–2019 | 11,459 (27.4) | 5663 (28.9) | 5621 (28.7) | 5658 (28.9) | ||
2019–2020 | 8516 (20.4) | 4225 (21.5) | 4210 (21.5) | 4219 (21.5) | ||
Type of admission | ||||||
Elective | 23,287 (55.7) | 11,293 (57.6) | − 0.6 | 11,212 (57.2) | 11,284 (57.6) | − 0.2 |
Emergency | 18,505 (44.3) | 8315 (42.4) | 8379 (42.7) | 8308 (42.4) | ||
NA | 27 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | ||
Primary disease | ||||||
Digestive system malignancy | 10,645 (25.5) | 6733 (34.3) | − 8.9 | 6798 (34.7) | 6723 (34.3) | 0.6 |
Hematological malignancy | 1647 (3.9) | 324 (1.7) | 302 (1.5) | 324 (1.7) | ||
Other malignancies | 3156 (7.5) | 998 (5.1) | 1001 (5.1) | 998 (5.1) | ||
Sepsis | 675 (1.6) | 233 (1.2) | 231 (1.2) | 233 (1.2) | ||
Coagulopathy disease | 337 (0.8) | 112 (0.6) | 117 (0.6) | 111 (0.6) | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | 1600 (3.8) | 413 (2.1) | 417 (2.1) | 413 (2.1) | ||
Cardiovascular disease | 1501 (3.6) | 486 (2.5) | 450 (2.3) | 486 (2.5) | ||
Respiratory disease | 6057 (14.5) | 2812 (14.3) | 2785 (14.2) | 2808 (14.3) | ||
Digestive system disease | 9556 (22.9) | 4866 (24.8) | 4879 (24.9) | 4865 (24.8) | ||
Kidney and urinary tract disease | 1065 (2.5) | 439 (2.2) | 453 (2.3) | 439 (2.2) | ||
Others | 5580 (13.3) | 2202 (11.2) | 2169 (11.1) | 2202 (11.2) | ||
Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||
0 | 16,361 (39.1) | 7255 (37.0) | 2.2 | 241 (36.9) | 7253 (37.0) | − 0.2 |
1 | 1447 (3.5) | 619 (3.2) | 625 (3.2) | 619 (3.2) | ||
2 | 14,532 (34.7) | 7677 (39.1) | 7630 (38.9) | 7663 (39.1) | ||
≥ 3 | 9479 (22.7) | 4067 (20.7) | 4106 (20.9) | 4067 (20.7) | ||
Barthel Index | ||||||
100 | 15,111 (36.1) | 8636 (44.0) | − 16.0 | 8696 (44.4) | 8625 (44.0) | 0.6 |
65–95 | 4022 (9.6) | 1897 (9.7) | 1909 (9.7) | 1897 (9.7) | ||
45–60 | 2694 (6.4) | 1181 (6.0) | 1154 (5.9) | 1181 (6.0) | ||
25–40 | 1459 (3.5) | 586 (3.0) | 588 (3.0) | 584 (3.0) | ||
5–20 | 2510 (6.0) | 1050 (5.4) | 1017 (5.2) | 1050 (5.4) | ||
0 | 11,104 (26.6) | 4230 (21.6) | 4204 (21.4) | 4228 (21.6) | ||
NA | 4919 (11.8) | 2038 (10.4) | 2034 (10.4) | 2037 (10.4) | ||
Japan Coma Scale | ||||||
0 | 31,781 (76.0) | 15,775 (80.4) | − 11.5 | 15,780 (80.5) | 15,763 (80.4) | 0.8 |
1–3 | 5414 (12.9) | 2266 (11.6) | 2308 (11.8) | 2263 (11.5) | ||
10–30 | 2269 (5.4) | 808 (4.1) | 778 (4.0) | 808 (4.1) | ||
100–300 | 1213 (2.9) | 399 (2.0) | 393 (2.0) | 399 (2.0) | ||
NA | 1142 (2.7) | 370 (1.9) | 343 (1.7) | 369 (1.9) | ||
Nutritional statusb | ||||||
Malnutrition | 18,855 (45.1) | 9242 (47.1) | 4.1 | 9225 (47.1) | 9234 (47.1) | 0.1 |
Medical treatmentc | ||||||
Albumin infusion | 3498 (8.4) | 2287 (11.7) | 11.0 | 2235 (11.4) | 2280 (11.6) | 0.8 |
Blood transfusion | 7145 (17.1) | 3418 (17.4) | 0.9 | 3435 (17.5) | 3412 (17.4) | − 0.3 |
Respirator use | 1605 (3.8) | 1007 (5.1) | 6.3 | 990 (5.1) | 1002 (5.1) | 0.3 |
Dialysis | 331 (0.8)- | 200 (1.0) | 2.4 | 197 (1.0) | 199 (1.0) | 0.1 |
Nutrition support teamd | 2268 (5.4) | 2170 (11.1) | 20.6 | 1921 (9.8) | 2157 (11.0) | 4.4 |
Rehabilitation | 13,397 (32.0) | 7032 (35.8) | 8.1 | 6882 (35.1) | 7023 (35.8) | 1.5 |
PN duration, mean (SD), days | 25.1 (30.3) | 23.0 (24.3) | − 7.6 | 24.5 (26.7) | 23.0 (24.3) | − 5.4 |