Table 3 Clinical outcomes of 61,437 internal medicine inpatients aged 18 years or older and fasting for more than 10 days in Japan, January 2011 to September 2020

Primary endpoint

  In-hospital mortality

11,712 (28.0)

3976 (20.3)

5272 (26.9)

3972 (20.3)

< 0.001^c

0.69 (0.66 to 0.72)

0.71 (0.68 to 0.75)

Secondary endpoint

  IV catheter infection

378 (0.9)

213 (1.1)

178 (0.9)

213 (1.1)

0.08^c

1.20 (0.98 to 1.46)

1.05 (0.85 to 1.29)

  Deteriorated ADL^a

3054 (12.0)

1458 (10.8)

1541 (12.5)

1456 (10.8)

< 0.001^c

0.85 (0.79 to 0.92)

0.88 (0.81 to 0.95)

  LOS^b, mean (SD), days

44.2 (39.1)

42.3 (34.0)

43.1 (36.1)

42.3 (34.0)

0.045^d

− 0.8 (− 1.6 to 0.0)

− 1.8 (− 2.6 to − 1.0)

  Readmission^b

2227 (7.4)

1132 (7.2)

1073 (7.5)

1132 (7.2)

0.42^c

0.96 (0.88 to 1.05)

0.95 (0.87 to 1.04)

  Total medical cost, mean (SD), US$

21,084 (23,729)

21,019 (18,486)

21,402 (24,981)

21,009 (18,439)

0.08^d

− 393 (− 822 to 48)

− 860 (− 1252 to − 47)