Table 3 Summary of preclinical candidates for pre-eclampsia treatment
Drug subclass | Candidate | Summary | Archetype |
|---|---|---|---|
Amino acid-peptide | Cibinetide | 11 amino-acid peptide | New |
Etanercept | Dimeric fusion protein that binds specifically to TNF | Repurposed | |
Liraglutide | Type II diabetes and obesity medication | Repurposed | |
Placental growth factor | Angiogenic growth factor | New | |
SynB1-ELP-p50i [polypeptide delivery] | Drug delivery system based on the bioengineered protein ELP | New | |
VEGF-B [polypeptide delivery] | Growth factor that stimulates blood vessel formation, fused with ELP | New | |
Antioxidant | Ferulic acid | Antioxidant found in Chinese medicinal herbs | Repurposed |
HTHQ | Potent lipophilic phenolic antioxidant | New | |
MitoQ | Comprised on the antioxidant coenzyme Q and targeted lipophilic cations | Repurposed | |
Cell therapy | Emiplacel | Human placental stromal cell therapy | New |
Haemoglobin-vesicles [nanoparticle delivery] | Liposome encapsulated haemoglobin | New | |
Regulatory T cells | Immune cells that supress autoreactive T cells | New | |
Enzyme inhibitors (statins) | Lovastatina | Antilipemic agent from the statin family of drugs | Repurposed |
Herbal | Euterpe oleracea | Açai fruit seed extract | Repurposed |
Toki-shakuyaku-san | Traditional Japanese Kampo medicine | Repurposed | |
Hydrogen sulphide donors | AP39a | Mitochondrial-targeted small molecule | New |
GYY4137 | Sulphide-releasing aspirin | New | |
Macronutrients | Trehalosea | Disaccharide | Repurposed |
Polyphenol | Quercetina | Plant flavonoid high in polyphenols | Repurposed |
DNA, siRNA, mRNA | AGT-targeting siRNA | Small interfering RNA therapeutic targeting angiotensinogen | New |
GPCR-AAB binding aptamers | DNA aptamer-based drugs | New | |
sFlt-1-targeting siRNA | Small interfering RNA therapeutic targeting soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 | New | |
sFlt-1-targeting siRNA [nanoparticle delivery] | P-CSA-BP-conjugated nanoparticles loaded with sFLT1 siRNA | New | |
Ad-VEGF [viral vector delivery]a | Growth factor that stimulates blood vessel formation | New | |
Small molecule | Gefitinib | Potent inhibitor of sFLT1 | Repurposed |
SB203580 | Pyridinyl imidazole compound which inhibits MAP kinase | New | |
Sofalcone | Chalcone derivative synthesised from the root of a Chinese medicinal plant (Sophora subprostrata) | Repurposed | |
Vascular agents | Carveol | Monotepene widely used in perfume, soap and shampoo | New |
Tetramethylpyrazine | Traditional Chinese medicine | Repurposed |