Table 2 Coefficient estimates of generalized least square (GLS) models predicting racial and ethnic differences in educational inequalities in US poisoning mortality ratios calculated from mortality rates (per 100,000) aged 25 and older 2000–2019^a

Men

Low education to high

Med education to high

Low education to high

Med education to high

Low education to high

Med education to high

  Black

1.48 (0.96, 2.01)^***

0.29 (0.04, 0.53)^*

−0.55 (−1.74, 0.64)

−0.08 (−0.48, 0.32)

1.50 (0.52, 2.47)^**

0.36 (−0.04, 0.76)

  Hispanic

0.48 (−0.24, 1.20)

0.38 (0.06, 0.69)^*

−2.55 (−3.54, −1.56)^***

−0.06 (−0.57, 0.46)

−1.74 (−2.75, −0.73)^**

0.40 (−0.07, 0.86)

  Other

8.27 (7.43, 9.10)^***

3.04 (2.65, 3.44)^***

1.62 (−0.16, 3.41)

1.58 (0.51, 2.65)^**

9.23 (1.98, 16.49)^*

3.94 (1.71, 6.18)^**

 Year effect^b

−0.01 (−0.02, 0.00)^*

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)^***

0.26 (0.22, 0.29)^***

0.10 (0.09, 0.11)^***

0.00 (−0.09, 0.08)

0.05 (0.03, 0.07)^***

  Black

0.09 (0.00, 0.18)^*

0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)

0.04 (−0.15, 0.24)

0.02 (−0.05, 0.09)

0.37 (0.20, 0.54)^***

0.11 (0.04, 0.18)^**

  Hispanic

−0.04 (−0.17, 0.08)

−0.02 (−0.07, 0.04)

−0.23 (−0.40, −0.06)^**

−0.04 (−0.13, 0.04)

0.10 (−0.07, 0.27)

0.05 (−0.03, 0.13)

  Other

0.09 (−0.06, 0.24)

0.11 (0.04, 0.18)^**

−0.18 (−0.49, 0.12)

−0.03 (−0.21, 0.15)

−0.43 (−1.67, 0.81)

−0.26 (−0.65, 0.13)

 Intercept^c

3.80 (3.73, 3.86)^***

1.79 (1.74, 1.84)^***

7.54 (7.31, 7.77)^***

3.00 (2.95, 3.05)^***

7.40 (6.91, 7.88)^***

2.76 (2.65, 2.87)^***

Women

Low education to high

Med education to high

Low education to high

Med education to high

Low education to high

Med education to high

  Black

1.25 (0.54, 1.96)^**

0.17 (−0.19, 0.53)

−1.79 (−3.64, 0.06)

−0.64 (−0.99, −0.28)^***

6.00 (2.63, 9.37)^***

1.35 (0.17, 2.53)^*

  Hispanic

−1.12 (−1.43, −0.80)^***

−0.07 (−0.32, 0.17)

−4.19 (−5.28, −3.10)^***

−0.48 (−1.11, 0.15)

−2.20 (−2.91, −1.50)^***

0.02 (−0.93, 0.97)

  Other

7.09 (5.48, 8.70)^***

3.16 (2.16, 4.16)^***

−0.02 (−1.30, 1.26)

1.68 (1.01, 2.34)^***

7.69 (−3.48, 18.87)

4.08 (0.75, 7.42)^*

 Year effect^b

0.04 (0.02, 0.06)^***

0.04 (0.03, 0.05)^***

0.43 (0.33, 0.54)^***

0.15 (0.12, 0.18)^***

0.19 (0.11, 0.27)^***

0.10 (0.06, 0.14)^***

  Black

−0.04 (−0.17, 0.08)

−0.04 (−0.10, 0.02)

−0.11 (−0.37, 0.15)

−0.03 (−0.08, 0.03)

−0.27 (−0.84, 0.30)

−0.08 (−0.28, 0.12)

  Hispanic

0.05 (−0.01, 0.10)

0.06 (0.02, 0.10)^**

−0.50 (−0.66, −0.33)^***

−0.18 (−0.29, −0.07)^**

−0.05 (−0.18, 0.07)

0.03 (−0.14, 0.19)

  Other

−0.30 (−0.58, −0.02)^*

−0.02 (−0.19, 0.16)

−0.25 (−0.45, −0.05)^*

−0.05 (−0.17, 0.06)

1.45 (−0.45, 3.36)

0.46 (−0.12, 1.05)

 Intercept^c

2.58 (2.48, 2.68)^***

1.55 (1.49, 1.61)^***

7.22 (6.41, 8.04)^***

3.00 (2.77, 3.23)^***

4.85 (4.39, 5.31)^***

2.32 (2.08, 2.56)^***