Fig. 2

Cox regression and Fine-Gray models for combined effect of Life’s Simple 7 score and frailty on all-cause and CVD-related mortality in males, with age centered at 30, 50, and 70. All models were adjusted for age, education level, diagnosis of CVD, NHANES cycle number, and race. The 95% confidence interval is indicated by gray lines. FI, frailty index; LS7, Life’s Simple 7 score; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CI, confidence interval; n, number of participants, *p > 0.05. LS7 for 3rd, 2nd, and 1st tertiles are 10–14, 8–9, and 0–7, respectively. The 0.0–0.1 FI and 3rd LS7 tertile represent the healthiest group (reference group), while the 0.3 < FI and 1st LS7 tertile represent the least healthy group; all other groups are intermediary between these two extremes. The 33-item FI was used in this forest plot