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Table 3 Association of frailty and cardiovascular health with mortality in males at ages 30, 50, and 70

From: The impact of cardiovascular health and frailty on mortality for males and females across the life course

Model

Term

Group

N

HR (95% CI)

All-cause mortality

SHR (95% CI)

CVD-related mortality

    

Age 30

Age 50

Age 70

Age 30

Age 50

Age 70

1

33-FI

Continuous

17,112

1.02 (1.01,1.04)

1.03 (1.02,1.04)

1.04 (1.04,1.04)

1.04 (1.03,1.06)

1.03 (1.02,1.04)

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

LS7

Continuous

0.80 (0.74,0.86)

0.87 (0.83,0.91)

0.94 (0.92,0.97)

0.75 (0.67,0.85)

0.83 (0.77,0.88)

0.90 (0.87,0.94)

2

33-FI

0.0–0.1

11,724

Reference

Reference

 

0.1–0.2

2,969

1.21 (0.81,1.82)

1.38 (1.11,1.71)

1.57 (1.38,1.78)

2.43 (1.29,4.58)

1.87 (1.32,2.65)

1.43 (1.18,1.75)

 

0.2–0.3

1,342

1.47 (0.79,2.75)

1.76 (1.25,2.49)

2.11 (1.81,2.46)

3.62 (1.61,8.10)

2.33 (1.48,3.68)

1.50 (1.19,1.90)

 

0.3<

1,077

2.72 (1.62,4.58)

3.25 (2.42,4.35)

3.87 (3.29,4.55)

5.93 (2.95,11.89)

3.66 (2.48,5.41)

2.26 (1.80,2.84)

LS7

3rd tertile

3,827

Reference

Reference

 

2nd tertile

5,549

0.99 (0.62,1.56)

0.96 (0.73,1.26)

0.94 (0.77,1.14)

1.06 (0.41,2.73)

1.20 (0.69,2.06)

1.35 (1.01,1.82)

 

1st tertile

7,736

2.39 (1.55,3.69)

1.69 (1.32,2.18)

1.20 (1.01,1.44)

2.91 (1.24,6.84)

2.26 (1.39,3.69)

1.76 (1.33,2.32)

3

40-FI

Continuous

17,112

1.03 (1.02,1.05)

1.04 (1.03,1.05)

1.05 (1.05,1.05)

1.05 (1.03,1.08)

1.04 (1.03,1.05)

1.02 (1.02,1.03)

4

40-FI

0.0–0.1

5,901

Reference

Reference

 

0.1–0.2

7,275

1.23 (0.79,1.92)

1.52 (1.19,1.94)

1.88 (1.45,2.45)

1.35 (0.55,3.29)

1.56 (0.96,2.52)

1.79 (1.15,2.80)

 

0.2–0.3

2,326

1.84 (1.08,3.14)

2.36 (1.73,3.21)

3.01 (2.27,4.00)

3.09 (1.16,8.22)

2.74 (1.60,4.67)

2.42 (1.53,3.83)

 

0.3<

1,610

2.83 (1.53,5.23)

4.02 (2.91,5.55)

5.69 (4.34,7.48)

7.58 (2.93,19.60)

5.19 (3.09,8.69)

3.55 (2.23,5.63)

  1. Cox regression models were used for all-cause mortality; Fine-Gray models were used for CVD-related mortality. All models are adjusted for age, education level, diagnosis of CVD, NHANES cycle number, and race. Higher LS7 tertiles indicate better cardiovascular health, lower FI indicate better overall health. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality are weighted; all mortality rate percentages are weighted. HR hazard ratio, SHR sub-distributional hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular, FI frailty index, LS7 Life’s Simple 7 score, 33-FI FI with 33 items, 40-FI 33-item FI combined with 7 items from the LS7. Bolded text indicates alpha < 0.05. Mortality rates are available in Additional file 1: Table S9
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