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Table 1 P. falciparum positivity rates, parasite densities, and detectable infections at first antenatal care visit by studied factors

From: Gravidity and malaria trends interact to modify P. falciparum densities and detectability in pregnancy: a 3-year prospective multi-site observational study

 

PfPRqPCR

Pf density

pDi

n = 6471

n = 483

n = 483

n/N (%)

p

GM (SD)

p

n/N (%)

p

Clinic

 Magudea

115/2657 (4)

 < 0.001

30.9 (109.9)

0.482

50/115 (43)

0.416

 Manhiçab

169/3044 (6)

 

51.5 (34.1)

 

79/169 (47)

 

 Ilha Josinac

199/770 (26)

 

34.1 (113.5)

 

83/199 (42)

 

Period

 November 16–October 17

268/2511 (11)

 < 0.001

31.5 (102.5)

0.309

111/268 (41)

0.236

 November 17-October 18

137/2031 (7)

 

51.5 (162.7)

 

67/137 (49)

 

 November 18-October 19

78/1929 (4)

 

34.1 (113.5)

 

34/78 (44)

 

Village

 Yes

447/6018 (7)

 < 0.001

36.8 (120.2)

0.989

16/36 (44)

0.898

 No

36/453 (8)

 

34.9 (104.4)

 

196/447 (44)

 

Season

 Rainy

295/3390 (9)

0.001

38.9 (128.7)

0.054

75/188 (40)

0.448

 Dry

188/3081 (6)

 

33.3 (104.9)

 

137/295 (46)

 

Age (years)

  < 18

68/670 (10)

0.776

104.8 (313.7)

0.124

45/68 (66)

0.377

  ≥ 18

415/5801 (7)

 

30.9 (100.4)

 

167/415 (40)

 

Gravidity

 Primigravid

167/1754 (10)

 < 0.001

103.3 (316.9)

 < 0.001

106/167 (63)

 < 0.001

 Multigravidd

316/4717 (7)

 

21.2 (67.9)

 

106/316 (34)

 

Trimester of gestation

 1st

35/518 (7)

0.694

72.7 (240.6)

0.371

18/35 (51)

0.236

  > 1st

448/5953 (8)

 

34.8 (112.4)

 

194/448 (43)

 

HIV

 Infected

114/1872 (6)

0.078

65.4 (207.6)

0.004

56/114 (49)

0.001

 Uninfected

369/4599 (8)

 

30.7 (99.5)

 

156/369 (42)

 
  1. N indicates the number of all samples analyzed by qPCR and n the number of qPCR-positive infections. Detectable infections (≥100 parasites/µL) are expressed relative to the total of infections detected by qPCR (N). The p-value indicates the statistical significance obtained from the multivariate model adjusted by all the variables included in the table
  2. GM Geometric mean, pDi Proportion of detectable infections, SD Standard deviation
  3. aN = 907 (year 1), 858 (year 2) and 892 (year 3)
  4. bN = 1328 (year 1), 893 (year 2) and 823 (year 3)
  5. cN = 276 (year 1), 280 (year 2) and 214 (year 3)
  6. d121 secundigravidae (38.1 [SD 132.1] parasites/µl; 56/121 [46.3%] detectable infections) and 195 with 3 or more previous pregnancies (14.8 [SD 43.9] parasites/µl with 50/195 [25.6%] detectable infections)
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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