Fig. 8
Effects of reduced androgen exposure via blocking of the androgen receptor in ex vivo culture of human fetal testes. Quantification of A INSL3, B AMH and C Inhibin B secretion by ex vivo cultured fetal testis tissue from GW 7–12 following treatment with flutamide (10−6 M) and ketoconazole (10−6 M) for 14 days. Media were collected every 48 h throughout the 14-day culture period and were pooled for each individual tissue piece. INSL3 was measured by LC-MS/MS, while AMH and Inhibin B were measured by ELISA. Results are shown as the ratio compared to the mean of the corresponding vehicle controls (from the same fetus). Values represent mean ± SEM, with N=13–14 (vehicle control), N=7–8 (flutamide) and N=9 (ketoconazole). Significant difference compared to vehicle control, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01 and *p<0.05