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Fig. 3 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Maternal blood pressure associates with placental DNA methylation both directly and through alterations in cell-type composition

Fig. 3

Graphical summary of the study. A Blood pressure (BP) trends across pregnancy. Four BP indicators were assessed from repeated SBP and DBP measurements during pregnancy and averaged within three time windows: early pregnancy (from conception to week 27), late pregnancy (from week 27 to delivery), and the whole pregnancy. B Volcano plots of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) significantly associated with maternal BP. The average effect sizes among CpGs included in detected DMRs are compared to the FDR p-value computed using the comb-p method. The dashed line indicates a threshold of 10E−6. C Effect sizes (and 95% CI) of the association between BP indicators and the ratio of stromal cells to syncytiotrophoblasts. Two additional sensitivity analyses were performed, one by excluding preeclamptic mothers (PE), the other one by further adjusting the models for gestational age (GA). D Mediation analysis of the role of the cell-type ratio stromal/syncytiotrophoblast in the association between maternal BP and detected DMRs. The direct and indirect effect (mediated by the cell-type ratio stromal/syncytiotrophoblast) of BP on DMRs were estimated CpG-wise and aggregated by DMR, thus defining three types of DMRs in both cases: those for which all CpGs have a significant effect (“All”), those for which no CpG has a significant effect (“No”), and those for which only a subset of CpGs have a significant effect (“Some”). Significance was determined from 95% bootstrap confidence intervals of the effect size

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