Fig. 6

In vivo antitumor efficacy of multifunctional nanoparticles in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. a Establishment of a subcutaneous 4T1 breast cancer model of Balb/c mice. A 5% glucose solution was used as control. b Change in tumor volume over time after treatment with different formulations. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5). c Weight of excised tumors after the completion of the experiment. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5). d Body weight of 4T1-bearing mice treated with different formulations for up to 15 days. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5). e Survival rates of mice over time after treatment with different formulations. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 10). f Tumor sections collected on day 15 after the indicated treatments and visualized by TUNEL labeling. Scale bar, 50 μm. Student’s t-test was performed. ^*P < 0.05 vs control. Mice injected with 5% glucose solution were set as control group. CpG, immunopotentiator; CQ, chloroquine; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; N, nanoparticles; N/A, nanoparticles coated with atezolizumab; OVA, ovalbumin; PTX, paclitaxel; S, solution; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling