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Fig. 8 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 8

From: Combination of an autophagy inhibitor with immunoadjuvants and an anti-PD-L1 antibody in multifunctional nanoparticles for enhanced breast cancer immunotherapy

Fig. 8

CpG+OVA+PTX+CQ-N/A induce antitumor immune responses in vivo. a Levels of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, as determined by flow cytometry on day 15 after the indicated treatments. b Representative flow cytometric plots of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in tumors. c, d Immunohistochemistry on tumor biopsies. Brown regions indicate the presence of c CD8+ T cells and d CD4+ T cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. e, f Levels of e CD8+ T cells and f CD4+ T cells in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice, as determined by flow cytometry on day 15 after the indicated treatments. g Representative flow cytometric plots of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the spleen. h Immunohistochemical staining of the spleen. Brown regions indicate the presence of CD8+ T cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. i, j Serum levels of i tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and j interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on day 15 after the indicated treatments. Data are shown as ± SD (n = 5). One-way ANOVA was performed. *P < 0.05. CpG, immunopotentiator; CQ, chloroquine; N, nanoparticles; N/A, nanoparticles coated with atezolizumab; OVA, ovalbumin; PTX, paclitaxel; S, solution

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