Table 2 Baseline characteristics stratified by incident stroke
From: Retinal age gap as a predictive biomarker of stroke risk
Baseline characteristics | Non-stroke group | Stroke group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 35,022 | 282 | - |
Age, mean (SD), years | 56.7 (8.04) | 62.0 (6.42) | <0.001 |
Gender, No. (%) | |||
 Female | 19,603 (56.0) | 127 (45.0) | <0.001 |
 Male | 15,419 (44.0) | 155 (55.0) | |
Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
 White | 32,641 (93.2) | 267 (94.7) | 0.325 |
 Others | 2381 (6.80) | 15 (5.32) | |
Deprivation index, mean (SD) | −1.10 (2.95) | −0.98 (3.09) | 0.507 |
Education level, No. (%) | |||
 College/university | 12,226 (34.9) | 80 (28.4) | 0.022 |
 Others | 22,796 (65.1) | 202 (71.6) | |
Smoking status, No. (%) | |||
 Never | 19,375 (55.6) | 142 (51.1) | 0.132 |
 Former/current | 15,478 (44.4) | 136 (48.9) | |
Drinking status, No. (%) | |||
 Never | 1529 (4.38) | 18 (6.38) | 0.102 |
 Former/current | 33,388 (95.6) | 264 (93.6) | |
Obesity, No. (%) | |||
 No | 26,019 (74.7) | 184 (66.0) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 8827 (25.3) | 95 (34.0) | |
Meeting PA recommendation, No. (%) | |||
 No | 5159 (18.0) | 53 (24.1) | 0.019 |
 Yes | 23,539 (82.0) | 167 (75.9) | |
History of diabetes, No. (%) | |||
 No | 32,788 (93.6) | 238 (84.4) | <0.001 |
 Yes | 2234 (6.38) | 44 (15.6) | |
History of hypertension, No. (%) | |||
 No | 8590 (24.5) | 34 (12.1) | <0.001 |
 Yes | 26,432 (75.5) | 248 (87.9) | |
General health status, No. (%) | |||
 Excellent/good | 24,408 (70.1) | 154 (55.4) | <0.001 |
 Fair/poor | 10,425 (29.9) | 124 (44.6) | |