Characteristics | N (%) | No. of HCC cases | Incidence rate of HCC (per 100,000) | P value†|
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 329,164 (100) | 201 | 4.83 | Â |
Sex |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Male | 157,043 (47.7) | 154 | 7.09 |  |
 Female | 172,121 (52.3) | 47 | 2.36 |  |
Age (years) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  < 60 | 186,567 (56.7) | 51 | 2.84 |  |
  ≥ 60 | 142,597 (43.3) | 150 | 6.34 |  |
Alcohol intake level |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Abstinent | 12,342 (3.7) | 7 | 4.46 |  |
 Low-to-moderate | 190,180 (57.8) | 91 | 3.80 |  |
 Excess | 89,012 (27.0) | 42 | 3.71 |  |
 Heavy | 37,630 (11.4) | 61 | 12.73 |  |
Alcohol intake frequencyc |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 12,342 (3.7) | 7 | 4.46 |  |
 Less frequent | 130,745 (39.7) | 60 | 3.66 |  |
 Frequent | 99,606 (30.3) | 59 | 4.66 |  |
 Regular | 86,471 (26.3) | 75 | 6.83 |  |
Dominated alcohol typeb |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Wine | 82,038 (24.9) | 37 | 3.57 |  |
 Beer | 51,495 (15.6) | 51 | 7.84 |  |
 Spirits and fortified wine | 11,597 (3.5) | 8 | 5.44 |  |
 Non-specific | 171,692 (52.2) | 98 | 4.51 |  |
Usually drinking with meal |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 139,358 (44.0) | 64 | 3.64 |  |
 No | 63,981 (20.2) | 53 | 6.53 |  |
 Varies | 113,483 (35.8) | 77 | 5.35 |  |
Smoking status |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 179,851 (54.6) | 69 | 3.03 |  |
 Former | 116,634 (35.4) | 104 | 7.05 |  |
 Current | 32,679 (9.9) | 28 | 6.75 |  |
Average household income |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Less than 18,000 | 50,569 (15.4) | 50 | 7.84 |  |
 18,000 to 30,999 | 69,623 (21.2) | 56 | 6.37 |  |
 31,000 to 51,999 | 122,001 (37.1) | 67 | 4.33 |  |
 52,000 to 100,000 | 67,829 (20.6) | 21 | 2.45 |  |
 Greater than 100,000 | 19,142 (5.8) | 7 | 2.91 |  |
Physical activity |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 0–1 day/week | 62,965 (19.1) | 40 | 5.01 |  |
 2–4 days/week | 141,931 (43.1) | 88 | 4.90 |  |
 5–7 days/week | 124,268 (37.8) | 73 | 4.65 |  |
BMI category |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  < 25 | 116,960 (35.5) | 36 | 2.43 |  |
 25–29.9 | 144,652 (43.9) | 81 | 4.43 |  |
  >  = 30 | 67,552 (20.5) | 84 | 9.84 |  |
PNPLA3 rs738409a |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 CC | 197,439 (61.5) | 97 | 3.88 |  |
 CG/GG | 123,662 (38.5) | 102 | 6.53 |  |
TM6SF2 rs58542926a |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 CC | 274,776 (85.6) | 152 | 4.37 |  |
 CT/TT | 46,325 (14.4) | 47 | 8.04 |  |
ALT level (U/L) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  < 40 | 303,691 (92.3) | 114 | 2.97 |  |
  ≥ 40 | 25,473 (7.7) | 87 | 26.90 |  |
HBV/HCV statusa,d | Â | Â | Â | 0.876 |
 Positive | 116 (1.9) | 0 | 0 |  |
 Negative | 6040 (98.1) | 1 | 1.31 |  |