Table 3 Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for colorectal cancer risk with plant-based diet indices by race and ethnicity in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993–2017

Men

(n = 10,381)

(n = 24,138)

(n = 5572)

(n = 19,198)

(n = 20,663)

 Overall plant-based diet index

  Q1

74

1.00 (ref)

173

1.00 (ref)

55

1.00 (ref)

90

1.00 (ref)

95

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

85

0.99 (0.72–1.36)

205

0.84 (0.68–1.03)

48

0.99 (0.67–1.46)

122

0.88 (0.67–1.16)

123

0.95 (0.72–1.24)

  Q3

66

0.93 (0.66–1.30)

220

0.90 (0.74–1.11)

35

0.92 (0.60–1.42)

135

1.03 (0.78–1.35)

123

0.99 (0.75–1.31)

  Q4

61

1.04 (0.73–1.47)

188

0.87 (0.70–1.08)

20

0.76 (0.45–1.28)

109

0.95 (0.71–1.26)

97

0.84 (0.62–1.12)

  Q5

70

1.16 (0.83–1.63)

173

0.70 (0.56–0.87)

14

0.59 (0.32–1.08)

114

0.88 (0.66–1.16)

87

0.65 (0.48–0.88)

  P for trend

0.39

0.005

0.09

0.54

0.004

 0.01

 Healthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

95

1.00 (ref)

177

1.00 (ref)

55

1.00 (ref)

86

1.00 (ref)

105

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

84

0.77 (0.57–1.03)

215

0.99 (0.81–1.20)

47

1.00 (0.68–1.48)

141

1.03 (0.79–1.35)

127

0.93 (0.72–1.21)

  Q3

59

0.70 (0.51–0.97)

206

1.09 (0.89–1.34)

31

0.93 (0.59–1.46)

135

1.07 (0.82–1.41)

101

0.85 (0.64–1.12)

  Q4

65

0.77 (0.56–1.06)

188

0.89 (0.72–1.10)

21

0.73 (0.43–1.22)

120

0.92 (0.70–1.22)

106

0.81 (0.61–1.06)

  Q5

53

0.81 (0.58–1.14)

173

0.80 (0.65–1.00)

18

0.76 (0.43–1.32)

88

0.86 (0.64–1.16)

86

0.76 (0.57–1.01)

  P for trend

0.16

0.03

0.19

0.19

0.03

 0.91

 Unhealthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

74

1.00 (ref)

172

1.00 (ref)

35

1.00 (ref)

107

1.00 (ref)

109

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

91

1.01 (0.74–1.37)

212

0.91 (0.75–1.12)

37

0.80 (0.50–1.27)

129

0.85 (0.66–1.10)

125

1.01 (0.78–1.31)

  Q3

70

1.02 (0.74–1.42)

175

0.87 (0.70–1.07)

27

0.65 (0.40–1.08)

130

1.01 (0.78–1.30)

110

1.19 (0.91–1.55)

  Q4

54

1.01 (0.71–1.44)

175

0.96 (0.78–1.19)

28

0.76 (0.46–1.26)

81

0.77 (0.57–1.02)

86

1.17 (0.88–1.55)

  Q5

67

1.23 (0.88–1.74)

225

0.98 (0.80–1.20)

45

0.94 (0.60–1.48)

123

1.11 (0.85–1.45)

95

1.15 (0.87–1.53)

  P for trend

0.30

0.95

0.82

0.58

0.17

 0.91

Women

(n = 17,248)

(n = 26,284)

(n = 6955)

(n = 19,324)

(n = 23,664)

 Overall plant-based diet index

  Q1

120

1.00 (ref)

90

1.00 (ref)

35

1.00 (ref)

56

1.00 (ref)

84

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

145

1.02 (0.80–1.31)

167

0.96 (0.74–1.24)

34

0.95 (0.59–1.54)

88

0.95 (0.68–1.33)

122

0.96 (0.73–1.27)

  Q3

108

0.90 (0.69–1.17)

158

0.81 (0.62–1.05)

38

1.45 (0.91–2.32)

104

1.18 (0.85–1.64)

127

1.06 (0.81–1.41)

  Q4

68

0.74 (0.54–1.00)

168

0.90 (0.69–1.17)

23

1.23 (0.72–2.11)

76

0.93 (0.65–1.31)

89

0.83 (0.61–1.13)

  Q5

90

1.03 (0.78–1.37)

201

0.94 (0.73–1.21)

16

1.22 (0.67–2.26)

90

1.03 (0.74–1.45)

97

0.91 (0.67–1.22)

  P for trend

0.45

0.73

0.23

0.89

0.34

 0.94

 Healthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

123

1.00 (ref)

115

1.00 (ref)

39

1.00 (ref)

76

1.00 (ref)

102

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

131

1.00 (0.78–1.28)

153

0.96 (0.75–1.22)

39

1.31 (0.84–2.06)

93

0.88 (0.65–1.20)

117

0.93 (0.72–1.22)

  Q3

113

1.07 (0.82–1.38)

147

1.01 (0.79–1.29)

27

1.33 (0.80–2.20)

89

1.00 (0.74–1.36)

110

1.08 (0.83–1.42)

  Q4

84

0.78 (0.59–1.03)

178

0.99 (0.78–1.26)

24

1.24 (0.74–2.10)

87

0.89 (0.66–1.22)

102

0.92 (0.70–1.21)

  Q5

80

0.86 (0.65–1.15)

191

0.96 (0.76–1.22)

17

1.20 (0.67–2.18)

69

0.80 (0.57–1.11)

88

0.89 (0.67–1.20)

  P for trend

0.13

0.83

0.44

0.23

0.47

 0.92

 Unhealthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

111

1.00 (ref)

156

1.00 (ref)

20

1.00 (ref)

74

1.00 (ref)

111

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

136

1.03 (0.80–1.32)

189

0.95 (0.77–1.17)

32

1.24 (0.71–2.17)

85

0.81 (0.59–1.10)

126

0.98 (0.76–1.26)

  Q3

108

1.05 (0.81–1.37)

154

0.90 (0.72–1.12)

25

1.07 (0.59–1.93)

77

0.81 (0.59–1.11)

113

1.08 (0.83–1.40)

  Q4

73

0.91 (0.67–1.22)

126

0.91 (0.72–1.16)

25

1.16 (0.64–2.10)

92

1.07 (0.78–1.45)

82

0.97 (0.73–1.29)

  Q5

103

1.13 (0.86–1.49)

159

0.98 (0.78–1.22)

44

1.62 (0.94–2.79)

86

0.84 (0.61–1.14)

87

0.95 (0.72–1.26)

  P for trend

0.60

0.76

0.10

0.75

0.79

 0.24