Fig. 2

Significant group difference of gestational age on cognitive performance in 11,847 adolescents at baseline. All displayed cognitive measurements are corrected by Bonferroni multiple comparisons at 0.05 level in the linear mixed model analysis. The Y-axis is the cognitive score (from the abcd_tbss), and the error bar is the standard deviation. Asterisks indicate that the corresponding cognitive scores of each gestational age group differ from that in the 40-week gestational group at P < 0.001(***), P < 0.01(**), or P < 0.05(*) (all Bonferroni corrected). Age, sex, body mass index, family income, parental education year, race, puberty score, maternal age at delivery, and prenatal exposure to any kind of substance before or after maternal knowledge of pregnancy were regressed out in all analyses. Note: nihtbx_totalcomp_fc: Cognition Total Composite Score Fully-Corrected T-score; nihtbx_cryst_fc: Crystallized Composite Fully-Corrected T-score; nihtbx_fluidcomp_fc: Cognition Fluid Composite Fully-Corrected T-score; nihtbx_reading_fc: NIH Toolbox Oral Reading Recognition Test Age 3 + v2.0 Fully-Corrected T-score; nihtbx_picvocab_fc: NIH Toolbox Picture Vocabulary Test Age 3 + v2.0 Fully-Corrected T-score; nihtbx_list_fc: NIH Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test Age 7 + v2.0 Fully-Corrected T-score; nihtbx_picture_fc: NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test Age 8 + Form A v2.0 Fully-Corrected T-score. The Fully-Corrected T-score in the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery was a type of standardized score based on a score distribution that has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10