Noninvasive detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using the methylation signature of circulating tumour DNA

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological features of the study cohorts

Phase	I—Marker discovery				II—Assay development				III—Training and validation			III—Test
Pathology	Tissue		Plasma		Tissue		Plasma		Plasma			Plasma
Pathology	PDAC	Para-tumour	PDAC	Healthy	PDAC	Para-tumour	PDAC	Healthy	PDAC	CP	Healthy	PDAC	Healthy
Sample size	46	28	20	123	27	17	29	55	94	25	80	74	65
Age (years)
Median	62	61	62	54	63	54	59	53	63	55	55	63	64
pvalue	0.1468*		<0.0001*		0.0462*		0.0042*		<0.0001**			0.2721*
Range	41–77	30–76	41–76	23–90	41–83	36–83	35–77	17–76	35–80	25–68	18–79	44–86	49–80
Gender: Male/female	23/23	10/18	12/8	49/74	15/12	9/8	11/16	22/32	56/38	19/6	35/45	30/44	19/46
Clinical stage
I	14	-	7	-	10	-	6	-	23	-	-	3	-
II	15	-	7	-	9	-	14	-	47	-	-	51	-
III/IV	16	-	4	-	7	-	4	-	23	-	-	20	-
N/A	1	-	2	-	1	-	5	-	1	-	-	0	-
Tumour size (cm)
Median	3.4	2.5	2.8	-	2.9	2.7	3.3	-	3	-	-	-	-
Range	1.5–8.0	1.5–3.5	1.5–8	-	1.8–8.0	1.0–7.5	1.6–9.0	-	1.0–8.0	-	-	-	-
CA19-9 (U/ml)
Median	271.5	222	-	-	196.6	390.4	360.1	-	421.6	109.6	43	293	-
Range	0–3447	9–1514	-	-	0.6–1514	0.5–3447	2–1200	-	2–1200	1–1200	1–890	2–3386.5	-
>37	26	6	-	-	11	7	21	-	50	2	4	15	-

PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CP chronic pancreatitis, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9
*Two-sided Mann-Whitney test
**Two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test

ISSN: 1741-7015