Plasma metabolomic profiling of dietary patterns associated with glucose metabolism status: The Maastricht Study

Yu, Evan Yi-Wen; Ren, Zhewen; Mehrkanoon, Siamak; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; van Greevenbroek, Marleen M. J.; Eussen, Simone J. P. M.; Zeegers, Maurice P.; Wesselius, Anke

doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02653-1

Table 2 Associations of dietary patterns with risk of glucose metabolism status in The Maastricht Study

From: Plasma metabolomic profiling of dietary patterns associated with glucose metabolism status: The Maastricht Study

Variables	Tertile groups	N	Crude model		Adjusted model
Variables	Tertile groups	N	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
*Overall GMS*
MED	Tertile 1 (0–3)	1678	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (4–5)	809	0.91	0.77, 1.07	0.87	0.73, 1.05
	Tertile 3 (6–9)	954	0.66	0.56, 0.77	0.59	0.50, 0.70
	P for trend		<0.001		0.008
	P for interaction with sex				0.067
	P for interaction with BMI				0.042
DASH	Tertile 1 (9–22)	1312	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (23–26)	1117	0.83	0.71, 0.98	0.77	0.65, 0.92
	Tertile 3 (26–38)	1012	0.69	0.58, 0.81	0.58	0.48, 0.69
	P for trend		<0.001		0.001
	P for interaction with sex				0.052
	P for interaction with BMI				0.037
DHD	Tertile 1 (32–77)	1147	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (78–89)	1147	0.77	0.64, 0.93	0.79	0.63, 0.98
	Tertile 3 (90–130)	1147	0.52	0.42, 0.63	0.69	0.55, 0.87
	P for trend		0.001		<0.001
	P for interaction with sex				0.049
	P for interaction with BMI				0.026
*NGM vs. prediabetes*
MED	Tertile 1 (0–3)	1142	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (4–5)	579	1.03	0.81, 1.31	1.01	0.78, 1.28
	Tertile 3 (6–9)	753	0.88	0.70, 1.11	0.79	0.61, 0.97
	P for trend		0.314		0.459
DASH	Tertile 1 (9–22)	896	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (23–26)	802	0.79	0.62, 1.01	0.79	0.62, 1.00
	Tertile 3 (26–38)	776	0.67	0.53, 0.86	0.68	0.53, 0.86
	P for trend		0.041		0.036
DHD	Tertile 1 (32–77)	747	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (78–89)	810	0.82	0.65, 1.04	0.74	0.58, 0.95
	Tertile 3 (90–130)	917	0.65	0.51, 0.83	0.59	0.45, 0.76
	P for trend		0.001		0.003
*NGM vs. type 2 diabetes*
MED	Tertile 1 (0–3)	1505	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (4–5)	729	0.86	0.71, 1.05	0.98	0.88, 1.18
	Tertile 3 (6–9)	854	0.51	0.42, 0.62	0.61	0.49, 0.77
	P for trend		<0.001		<0.001
DASH	Tertile 1 (9–22)	1109	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (23–26)	955	0.77	0.64, 0.93	0.79	0.63, 0.98
	Tertile 3 (26–38)	863	0.52	0.42, 0.63	0.69	0.55, 0.87
	P for trend		<0.001		<0.001
DHD	Tertile 1 (32–77)	964	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (78–89)	976	0.74	0.62, 0.89	0.85	0.68, 1.06
	Tertile 3 (90–130)	987	0.43	0.35, 0.52	0.62	0.48, 0.78
	P for trend		<0.001		<0.001
*Prediabetes vs. type 2 diabetes*
MED	Tertile 1 (0–3)	779	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (4–5)	356	0.83	0.63, 1.08	0.81	0.62, 1.06
	Tertile 3 (6–9)	346	0.63	0.48, 0.82	0.60	0.46, 0.78
	P for trend		<0.001		0.005
DASH	Tertile 1 (9–22)	619	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (23–26)	477	0.95	0.74, 1.22	0.93	0.72, 1.20
	Tertile 3 (26–38)	385	0.77	0.59, 1.01	0.73	0.56, 0.96
	P for trend		0.026		0.037
DHD	Tertile 1 (32–77)	583	Ref.		Ref.
	Tertile 2 (78–89)	508	0.90	0.70, 1.16	0.88	0.68, 1.13
	Tertile 3 (90–130)	390	0.66	0.50, 0.86	0.64	0.49, 0.83
	P for trend		0.002		0.001

The intervals of glucose metabolism statuses were defined as follows: NGM, fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L; prediabetes, fasting plasma glucose of 6.1–6.9 mmol/L and no hypoglycaemic medications; type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or hypoglycaemic medications
The adjustments included age (years, continuous), sex (male or female), BMI (kg/m2, continuous), level of education (low, middle or high), level of household income (<2000 euros/month, 2000–3750 euros/month, or ≥3750 euros/month), smoking status (never, current or former smoker), daily energy intake (kcal/day, continuous), daily glucose intake (mmol/mol, continuous), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min, continuous), total physical activity (h/week, continuous), usage of lipid-modification medication (no or yes), history of cardiovascular disease (no or yes), and the year for metabolomics measurement (2014 or 2016) if applicable
Reference group was tertile 1
P<0.05 was considered statistically significant
Abbreviations: NGM normal glucose metabolism, BMI body mass index, kcal kilocalories, MED Mediterranean Diet, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, DHD Dutch Healthy Diet

Back to article page

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcmedicineeditorial@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com

BMC Medicine

Contact us