Health effects of milk consumption: phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study

Table 2 Associations of genetically proxied milk consumption with disease outcomes in two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Outcome	Source	Cases	Controls	Beta	SE	OR	95% CI	P
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol	GLGC	711,822	-	0.041	0.006	-	0.03–0.05	4.29E−12
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	GLGC	682,948	-	0.054	0.006	-	0.04–0.07	6.96E−20
Total cholesterol ^a	GLGC	738,500	-	−0.004	0.006	-	−0.02–0.01	1.39E−22
Triglycerides	GLGC	699,618	-	0.057	0.006	-	0.05–0.07	0.468
Benign neoplasm of ascending colon	FinnGen	1605	208,187	−0.146	0.117	0.86	0.69–1.09	0.145
Benign neoplasm of transverse colon	FinnGen	1261	208,341	−0.292	0.117	0.75	0.59–0.94	0.015
Benign neoplasm of sigmoid colon	FinnGen	2695	257,710	−0.146	0.088	0.86	0.73–1.03	0.065
Benign neoplasm of colon	FinnGen	9208	203,426	−0.088	0.058	0.92	0.82–1.03	0.043
Benign neoplasm of colon, rectum, anus, and anal canal	FinnGen	11,490	202,006	−0.058	0.029	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.117
Type 2 diabetes	FinnGen	41,245	215,160	0.029	0.029	1.03	0.97–1.09	0.274
	DIAGRAM (no BMI adjustment)	74,124	824,006	−0.029	0.029	0.97	0.92–1.03	0.142
	DIAGRAM (BMI adjustment)	74,124	824,006	−0.088	0.029	0.92	0.86–0.97	0.003
Type 1 diabetes	Chiou J et al. GWAS	18,942	501,638	−0.058	0.058	0.94	0.84–1.06	0.184
Cataract	FinnGen	32,692	224,812	−0.088	0.029	0.92	0.86–0.97	0.006

CI confidence interval, DIAGRAM DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis, GLGC The Global Lipids Genetics Consortium, OR odds ratio, SE standard error. The associations were scaled to per 50 g/day increase in genetically predicted milk consumption
^a The levels were log-transformed

ISSN: 1741-7015