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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to shift work status

From: Association of shift work with incident dementia: a community-based cohort study

Characteristics

Current work schedule

Non-shift workers

Shift workers

Sample size, n

143,272

27,450

Age (year)

52.8 ± 7.1

51.8 ± 7.0

Sex/female

74,896 (52.3)

12,010 (43.8)

Ethnicity/White

136,909 (95.6)

24,963 (90.9)

Education

 Higher

81,636 (57.0)

12,200 (44.4)

 Upper secondary

12,506 (8.7)

2064 (7.5)

 Lower secondary

23,551 (16.4)

5039 (18.4)

 Vocational

9158 (6.4)

3163 (11.5)

 Other

16,421 (11.5)

4984 (18.2)

Townsend deprivation index category

 Low

38,512 (26.9)

5318 (19.4)

 Intermediate

73,149 (51.1)

13,143 (47.9)

 High

31,611 (22.1)

8989 (32.7)

 DM

4719 (3.3)

1227 (4.5)

 HTN

29,561 (20.6)

6151 (22.4)

 Stroke

1150 (0.8)

233 (0.8)

 CHD

3205 (2.2)

775 (2.8)

 Cholesterol-lowering medication

15,025 (10.5)

3222 (11.7)

 Antihypertensives

19,491 (13.6)

4140 (15.1)

 Aspirin

13,648 (9.5)

2826 (10.3)

 BMI (kg/m2)

27.05 ± 4.59

27.96 ± 4.84

 SBP (mmHg)

134.69 ± 17.75

135.23 ± 17.48

 TC (mmol/L)

5.69 ± 1.08

5.65 ± 1.08

 TG (mmol/L)

1.68 ± 1.02

1.80 ± 1.11

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.45 ± 0.37

1.38 ± 0.36

 LDL (mmol/L)

3.56 ± 0.83

3.56 ± 0.83

 HbA1c (%)

5.36 ± 0.54

5.43 ± 0.62

 No current smoking

129,339 (90.3)

23,275 (84.8)

 Alcohol consumption at least weekly

106,793 (74.5)

18,306 (66.7)

 Healthy diet

91,682 (64.0)

16,019 (58.4)

 Regular physical activity

72,331 (50.5)

16,702 (60.8)

Genetic predisposition to dementia by PRS category

 Low

71,309 (49.8)

13,546 (49.3)

 Intermediate

36,223 (25.3)

7226 (26.3)

 High

35,740 (24.9)

6678 (24.3)

 Years of work (years)

12.85 ± 10.65

13.15 ± 10.66

Sleep duration category (h/day)

 ≤ 6

34,289 (23.9)

8690 (31.7)

 7–8

102,900 (71.8)

17,337 (63.2)

 ≥ 9

6083 (4.2)

1423 (5.2)

Chronotype

 Definitely a “morning” person

37,047 (25.9)

7245 (26.4)

 More a “morning” than “evening” person

52,168 (36.4)

8763 (31.9)

 More an “evening” than a “morning” person

41,123 (28.7)

8337 (30.4)

 Definitely an “evening” person

12,934 (9.0)

3105 (11.3)

  1. Data are means ± standard deviations, or N (%)
  2. Abbreviation: DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, CHD coronary heart disease, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, PRS polygenic risk score