Use of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants and risks of suicidal behavior and accidents among women with premenstrual disorders: a nationwide cohort study

Table 3 Associations of type-specific use of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants with subsequent risk of suicidal behavior among women with premenstrual disorders (PMDs)

		Between-individual analysis	Within-individual analysis
	N (IR)	IRR (95% CIs)^a	IRR (95% CIs)^b
Hormonal contraceptives
No use	809 (6.6)	Ref	Ref
Combined	56 (6.3)	0.18 (0.07–0.47)	0.19 (0.08–0.42)
Progestin-only	67 (8.4)	0.86 (0.28–2.58)	1.04 (0.61–1.76)
Antidepressants
No use	380 (3.5)	Ref	Ref
SSRIs	299 (12.1)	2.22 (1.52–3.24)	1.80 (1.45–2.25)
NSMRIs	18 (10.7)	1.21 (0.61–2.39)	1.83 (0.68–4.93)
Others	235 (53.6)	5.30 (3.33–8.45)	2.16 (1.66–2.82)

CI, confidence interval; IR, crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years; IRR, incidence rate ratio; N, number
^aUse of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants were mutually adjusted for and the analysis was accounted for non-independence of follow-ups contributed by a same individual using robust sandwich estimator of variance. Estimates were also adjusted for age at follow-up, educational level (primary school, high school, or college and beyond), country of birth (Sweden or other), region of residency (south, middle, or north of Sweden), and psychiatric comorbidities (yes or no)
^bUse of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants were mutually adjusted for and the analysis was conditioned on each individual. Estimates were also adjusted for age at follow-up and psychiatric comorbidities (yes or no)

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