Table 1 Distribution of maternal and obstetric characteristics among all singleton pregnancies resulting in livebirth in Sweden, by exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
| Â | Total | PPI users | PPI non-users | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N | % | N | % | N | % |
Total | 1,089,515 | 100.00% | 14,787 | 1.40% | 1,074,728 | 98.60% |
Maternal age (years) at delivery | ||||||
 ≤ 25 | 206,620 | 19.00% | 2123 | 14.40% | 204,497 | 19.00% |
25–30 | 353,028 | 32.40% | 4321 | 29.20% | 348,707 | 32.40% |
30–35 | 347,795 | 31.90% | 4850 | 32.80% | 342,945 | 31.90% |
 > 35 | 182,072 | 16.70% | 3493 | 23.60% | 178,579 | 16.60% |
Body mass index(kg/m2) at enrolment | ||||||
 < 20 | 105,145 | 9.70% | 1122 | 7.60% | 104,023 | 9.70% |
20–25 | 526,129 | 48.30% | 5548 | 37.50% | 520,581 | 48.40% |
25–30 | 256,024 | 23.50% | 3957 | 26.80% | 252,067 | 23.50% |
 ≥ 30 | 129,030 | 11.80% | 3190 | 21.60% | 125,840 | 11.70% |
Missing | 73,187 | 6.70% | 970 | 6.60% | 72,217 | 6.70% |
Tobacco consumption | ||||||
Yes | 75,600 | 6.90% | 1335 | 9.00% | 74,265 | 6.90% |
No | 1,013,915 | 93.10% | 13,452 | 91.00% | 1,000,463 | 93.10% |
Comorbidities* | ||||||
Yes | 64,076 | 5.90% | 1755 | 11.90% | 62,321 | 5.80% |
No | 1,025,439 | 94.10% | 13,032 | 88.10% | 1,012,407 | 94.20% |
Exposure to H2 receptor antagonists | ||||||
Yes | 2321 | 0.20% | 320 | 2.20% | 2001 | 0.20% |
No | 1,087,194 | 99.80% | 14,467 | 97.80% | 1,072,727 | 99.80% |
Exposure to other drugs** | ||||||
Yes | 349,252 | 32.10% | 7929 | 53.60% | 341,323 | 31.80% |
No | 740,263 | 67.90% | 6858 | 46.40% | 733,405 | 68.20% |
Assisted reproduction | ||||||
Yes | 31,799 | 2.90% | 574 | 3.90% | 31,225 | 2.90% |
No | 1,057,716 | 97.10% | 14,213 | 96.10% | 1,043,503 | 97.10% |
Mode of delivery | ||||||
Vaginal | 906,006 | 83.20% | 11,275 | 76.20% | 894,731 | 83.30% |
Cesarean section | 183,509 | 16.80% | 3512 | 23.80% | 179,997 | 16.70% |
Parity | ||||||
1 | 481,573 | 44.20% | 6140 | 41.50% | 475,433 | 44.20% |
2 | 400,762 | 36.80% | 4607 | 31.20% | 396,155 | 36.90% |
 ≥ 3 | 207,180 | 19.00% | 4040 | 27.30% | 203,140 | 18.90% |
Time interval between pregnancies (months) | ||||||
 < 18 | 141,036 | 12.90% | 1751 | 11.80% | 139,285 | 13.00% |
18–23 | 63,910 | 5.90% | 737 | 5.00% | 63,173 | 5.90% |
 > 23 | 164,468 | 15.10% | 2676 | 18.10% | 161,792 | 15.10% |
0 | 720,101 | 66.10% | 9623 | 65.10% | 710,478 | 66.10% |