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Table 2 Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs)a and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality associated with body weight variability, pulse rate variability, and blood pressure variability in the HRS and CHARLS

From: Long-term variability in physiological measures in relation to mortality and epigenetic aging: prospective studies in the USA and China

Variable

HRS

CHARLS

Pooled HRb

P-heterogeneity

Median, %

Cases/person-years

HR (95% CI)

Median, %

Cases/person-years

HR (95% CI)

Body weight variability

 Tertile 1

1.9

124/6934

1.00 (reference)

1.5

79/6894

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

/

 Tertile 2

4.0

129/6900

1.01 (0.78, 1.30)

3.1

85/6895

1.16 (0.85, 1.58)

1.07 (0.88, 1.30)

0.499

 Tertile 3

8.0

230/6662

1.67 (1.33, 2.11)

6.0

131/6892

1.57 (1.18, 2.09)

1.63 (1.36, 1.95)

0.742

 Per SD increment

  

1.24 (1.15, 1.33)

  

1.17 (1.07, 1.29)

1.21 (1.15, 1.28)

0.336

 P-value

  

< 0.001

  

0.001

  

Pulse rate variability

 Tertile 1

3.9

148/6841

1.00 (reference)

3.8

77/6898

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

/

 Tertile 2

8.0

134/6830

0.86 (0.68, 1.09)

7.6

95/6894

1.07 (0.79, 1.45)

0.93 (0.78, 1.13)

0.265

 Tertile 3

14.3

201/6825

1.13 (0.91, 1.41)

13.3

123/6889

1.17 (0.87, 1.57)

1.14 (0.96, 1.36)

0.853

 Per SD increment

  

1.07 (0.99, 1.16)

  

1.05 (0.95, 1.17)

1.06 (1.00, 1.13)

0.777

 P-value

  

0.132

  

0.341

  

Blood pressure variability

 Tertile 1

4.2

131/6787

1.00 (reference)

4.0

87/6894

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

/

 Tertile 2

8.2

140/6933

0.98 (0.77, 1.25)

8.0

92/6889

0.93 (0.69, 1.25)

0.96 (0.79, 1.16)

0.789

 Tertile 3

14.4

212/6776

1.20 (0.96, 1.50)

13.6

116/6898

1.14 (0.86, 1.51)

1.17 (0.99, 1.40)

0.780

 Per SD increment

  

1.11 (1.03, 1.21)

  

1.12 (1.01, 1.24)

1.12 (1.04, 1.19)

0.893

 P-value

  

0.073

  

0.036

  
  1. HRS Health and Retirement Study, CHARLS China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, SD standard deviation
  2. aHazard ratios were adjusted for age (continuous), gender (female/male), education (high school degree level, yes/no), marriage status (yes/no), residence (rural/urban) in the CHARLS, race (White/Black/others) in the HRS, drinking status (current/ever/never), smoking status (current/ever/never), physical activity (> 1 time per week/1–3 times per month/never in the HRS and any/never/missing in the CHARLS), household income (quartiles in the HRS and ≤ 9999 yuan/≥ 10000 yuan/missing in the CHARLS), and body mass index/systolic blood pressure/pulse rate (all continuous) in 2014/2016 (HRS) or in 2015 (CHARLS)
  3. bHRs were pooled using fixed effect models