Fig. 3From: A novel 450-nm laser-mediated sinoporphyrin sodium-based photodynamic therapy induces autophagic cell death in gastric cancer through regulation of the ROS/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathwayEffects of PDT on ROS production in GC cells. A, B Representative fluorescence images and quantitative analysis of intracellular ROS detection. Scale bar = 50 μm (n = 3, mean ± SD). C ESR spectra of TEMP/1O2 and DMPO/·OH after different treatments. D Flow cytometry analysis of the ROS amount after adding NAC (incubation 2 h). E Colony formation test of HGC27 cells after adding NAC (incubation 2 h). F EdU assay of HGC27 cells after adding NAC (incubation 2 h). Scale bar = 50 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001Back to article page