Fig. 3

a Sample size-based rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves for acquired AMR genes in our dataset. Solid lines (red—human, blue—livestock and gold—wildlife) are the rarefaction curves. Dotted lines indicate Chao2 prediction of asymptotic richness by number of samples (predicted AMR gene numbers were 53.8, 54 and 47 for humans, livestock and wildlife, respectively). Shading indicates 95% confidence intervals and solid circle, box and triangle shapes are the reference samples and the observed number of AMR genes (44, 38 and 39 for humans, livestock, and wildlife, respectively). b Rank abundance curve of the acquired AMR genes detected in humans (red line), livestock (blue line) and wildlife (gold line)