Early emergence of sexual dimorphism in offspring leukocyte telomere length was associated with maternal and children’s glucose metabolism—a longitudinal study

Wong, Kwun Kiu; Cheng, Feifei; Lim, Cadmon K. P.; Tam, Claudia H. T.; Tutino, Greg; Yuen, Lai Yuk; Wang, Chi Chiu; Hou, Yong; Chan, Michael H. M.; Ho, Chung Shun; Joglekar, Mugdha V.; Hardikar, Anandwardhan A.; Jenkins, Alicia J.; Metzger, Boyd E.; Lowe, William L.; Tam, Wing Hung; Ma, Ronald C. W.

doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02687-5

Table 3 Associations of sex-stratified offspring LTL at 7 with glucose and insulin relating traits

From: Early emergence of sexual dimorphism in offspring leukocyte telomere length was associated with maternal and children’s glucose metabolism—a longitudinal study

	Model 0						Model 1				Model 2
	Male			Female			Male		Female		Male		Female
	Beta	SE	P	Beta	SE	P	Beta	P	Beta	P	Beta	P	Beta	P
Fasting glucose	−0.018	0.067	0.8	−0.051	0.064	0.43	−0.005	0.838	−0.023	0.335	0.001	0.966	−0.039	0.101
1-h glucose	0.042	0.016	0.01	0.015	0.015	0.32	0.066	0.005	0.02	0.388	0.067	0.005	0.005	0.839
2-h glucose	0.087	0.025	0.001	0.038	0.024	0.11	0.074	0.002	0.039	0.096	0.075	0.002	0.037	0.114
AUCglu at 0–120 min	0.001	0.0002	0.002	0.000286	0.00019	0.14	0.073	0.002	0.033	0.162	0.072	0.002	0.023	0.331
Fasting Insulin	0.003	0.004	0.42	−0.014	0.006	0.03	−0.012	0.612	−0.047	0.044	0.007	0.769	−0.051	0.032
1 h insulin	−0.0004	0.001	0.71	−0.001	0.001	0.16	−0.001	0.98	−0.055	0.021	0.001	0.956	−0.056	0.019
2 h insulin	0.001	0.001	0.45	−0.002	0.001	0.04	0.046	0.051	−0.07	0.003	0.054	0.023	−0.048	0.043
AUCins at 0–120 min	−4E−06	0.00001	0.67	−1.571E−05	9E−06	0.08	0.009	0.694	−0.056	0.02	0.015	0.518	−0.057	0.018
Fasting C-pep	−9.40E−02	5.40E−02	0.08	−0.153	0.061	0.01	−0.041	0.082	−0.064	0.007	−0.025	0.286	−0.053	0.026
HOMA-BCF	−0.001	0.00036	0.14	−0.001	0.0003	0.07	−0.022	0.363	−0.037	0.118	−0.01	0.677	−0.027	0.255
Insulinogenic index 30	−0.00023	0.00024	0.34	−0.001	0.0003	0.01	−0.022	0.367	−0.07	0.003	−0.008	0.734	−0.06	0.012
Disposition Index	0.001	0.002	0.78	−0.005	0.003	0.16	−0.019	0.437	−0.038	0.107	−0.016	0.496	−0.026	0.282
Beta-Cell function	−0.001	0.001	0.32	−0.003	0.001	0.01	−0.004	0.869	−0.065	0.007	0.003	0.897	−0.059	0.014
HOMA-IR	−0.059	0.031	0.06	−0.062	0.03	0.04	−0.033	0.159	−0.051	0.029	−0.017	0.469	−0.052	0.027
Matsuda Index	0.000272	0.003	0.92	0.005	0.003	0.04	0.004	0.877	0.063	0.008	−0.032	0.184	0.073	0.002

Model 0: unadjusted; Model 1 (basic): adjusted for children’s age; Model 2 (parental effects, perinatal and children’s environmental factors): Model 1 + maternal prepregnant BMI, maternal age at EDC, maternal AUCglu during pregnancy, parity; further adjusted for current maternal hypertensive status for blood pressure; or further adjusted for current maternal and paternal diabetes status for glucose and insulin levels, as well as indices for β cell function and insulin sensitivity, C-section or not, gestational age at delivery, history of breast feeding, birthweight, children’s BMI and exercise level (0, 1, 2). The values in model 1 and 2 subjected to normal inverse transformation; their SEs were all 0.023–0.024 and were ignored from the table. The unit for glucose, insulin and C-peptide are mmol/l, mIUL and ug/L respectively

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