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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled women: anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters, and psychometric data. For anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal variables, the median along with the 25th percentile (p25) and 75th percentile (p75) are shown for all women (All), as well as for normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OB) women. For psychometric parameters, mean and standard deviation (sd) are shown. P values obtained by Wilcoxon rank-sum test refer to the NW vs OB comparison (significant values are in bold)

From: Multi-omics gut microbiome signatures in obese women: role of diet and uncontrolled eating behavior

 

All

NW

OB

 
 

N

Median (p25-p75)

N

Median (p25-p75)

N

Median (p25-p75)

p

Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters

 Age (years)

100

34 (26–43)

37

33 (27–41)

63

38 (27–45)

0.240

 Body weight (kg)

100

75.3 (62.1–84.0)

37

58.0 (53.8–64.1)

63

81.0 (76.0–90.0)

 < 0.001

 Body mass index, BMI (kg/m2)

100

28.1 (22.8–32.8)

37

21.6 (20.1–23.1)

63

30.9 (28.3–33.9)

 < 0.001

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

99

120.0 (110.0–130.0)

37

110.0 (110.0–120.0)

62

120.0 (110.0–130.0)

0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

99

70.0 (70.0–80.0)

37

70.0 (65.0–73.0)

62

80.0 (70.0–80.0)

 < 0.001

 Waist circumference (cm)

100

95.0 (84.0–103.0)

37

80.0 (73.5–86.5)

63

101.0 (95.0–107.0)

 < 0.001

 Hip circumference (cm)

88

106.0 (97.3–115.0)

37

96.0 (91.5–100.0)

51

115.0 (107.0–121.0)

 < 0.001

 Waist-to-hip ratio

88

0.86 (0.81–0.91)

37

0.82 (0.79–0.88)

51

0.89 (0.83–0.94)

 < 0.001

 Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

100

180.0 (162.0–204.0)

37

169.0 (160.0–192.0)

63

191.0 (162.0–211.0)

0.044

 HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

100

54.5 (46.3–62.8)

37

59.0 (52.5–65.0)

63

52.0 (44.0–59.0)

0.003

 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

100

71.0 (53.3–99.8)

37

57.0 (45.5–71.0)

63

87.0 (59.0–110.0)

 < 0.001

 LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

97

110.0 (96.5–130.5)

37

105.0 (95.0–116.5)

60

114.0 (97.3–140.8)

0.141

 Glycemia (mg/dl)

100

86.0 (80.0–90.0)

37

81.0 (79.0–85.5)

63

89.0 (82.0–93.0)

 < 0.001

 Glycemia-AUC (mg/dl)

98

12,930 (10,901–14,632)

37

11,130 (10,275–12,735)

61

14,085 (12,495–16,050)

 < 0.001

 Insulin (μU/ml)

100

6.8 (4.2–12.0)

37

3.7 (3.0–5.0)

63

10.1 (6.0–14.0)

 < 0.001

 Insulin-AUC (μU/ml)

97

5110 (3500–8017)

37

3412 (2472–4326)

60

7163 (4750–9966)

 < 0.001

 Glycated hemoglobin (%)

100

5.2 (4.9–5.4)

37

5.0 (4.8–5.2)

63

5.3 (5.1–5.4)

 < 0.001

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

45

0.73 (0.63–0.83)

3

0.67 (0.58–0.73)*

42

0.74 (0.64–0.84)

0.300

 Alanine transaminase, ALT (mg/dl)

46

17.5 (12.0–24.0)

3

7.0 (6.0–24.0)*

43

18.0 (13.0–24.0)

0.163

 Aspartate transaminase, AST (mg/dl)

46

16.0 (14.0–20.0)

3

14.0 (13.0–23.0)*

43

16.0 (14.0–20.0)

0.643

 Uric acid (mg/dl)

43

4.3 (3.7–4.8)

3

3.4 (2.8–3.9)*

40

4.3 (3.9–4.9)

0.020

 Erythrosedimentation rate (mm/h)

44

11.5 (6.0–19.8)

3

2.0 (2.0–4.0)*

41

13.0 (7.0–20.0)

0.002

 C-reactive protein (mg/dl)

43

0.3 (0.1–0.5)

3

0.03 (0.03–0.07)*

40

0.3 (0.1–0.5)

0.004

 Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH (mUI/ml)

48

1.56 (1.30–2.11)

4

1.88 (1.48–2.94)

44

1.53 (1.11–2.11)

0.395

 Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH (pg/ml)

45

17.0 (12.0–23.0)

3

11.0 (11.0–17.0)*

42

17.5 (12.8–23.0)

0.122

 HOMA-IR

100

1.43 (0.83–2.66)

37

0.74 (0.61–0.99)

63

2.16 (1.34–3.25)

 < 0.001

 Matsuda Index

92

5.75 (3.62–9.47)

32

10.3 (7.88–15.08)

60

4.05 (2.83–5.83)

 < 0.001

 

N

Mean ± sd

N

Mean ± sd

N

Mean ± sd

p

Psychometric parameters

     

 BITE severity score

88

4.48 ± 4.51

33

1.75 ± 1.27

55

6.11 ± 4.96

 < 0.001

 BITE symptom score

88

6.53 ± 5.85

33

5.39 ± 3.43

55

7.21 ± 6.85

0.158

 TFEQ UE

90

16.94 ± 5.39

33

15.97 ± 4.93

57

17.51 ± 5.61

0.193

 TFEQ CR

90

14.35 ± 4.29

33

12.24 ± 2.90

57

15.58 ± 4.50

 < 0.001

 TFEQ EE

90

7.56 ± 2.99

33

5.73 ± 2.22

57

8.65 ± 2.87

 < 0.001

 YFAS symptoms

100

2.28 ± 1.55

37

1.08 ± 0.54

63

2.98 ± 1.52

 < 0.001

 YFAS diagnosed addiction (a)

14

14%

37

0

63

14

 < 0.001

 PSS

96

15.53 ± 6.39

35

14.2 ± 5.19

61

16.29 ± 6.91

0.123

  1. *In groups with N < 4, p25 and p75 were converted to minimum and maximum (given the amount of missing data, such comparisons must be taken with caution)
  2. (a)Both number and percentage of individuals with diagnosed addictive eating behavior are reported
  3. BITE Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh, TFEQ Three-factor eating questionnaire, UE Uncontrolled eating, CR Cognitive restraint, EE Emotional eating, YFAS Yale food addiction scale, PSS Perceived stress scale