| Disease-free survival |  |  |  |  | Overall survival |  |  |  |  |  | Recurrence |  |  |  |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Discovery |  |  | Validation |  |  | Discovery |  |  | Validation |  |  | Discovery |  |  | Validation |  |  |
Risk factors | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p |
Age | 1.04 | (1.02, 1.07) |  < 0.001 | 1.05 | (1.02, 1.08) | 0.004 | 1.10 | (1.07, 1.14) |  < 0.001 | 1.05 | (1.01, 1.09) | 0.012 | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.04) | 0.376 | — |  |  |
Gender (male) | 1.44 | (0.87, 2.37) | 0.156 | — |  |  | 1.62 | (0.83, 3.14) | 0.158 | — |  |  | 1.26 | (0.71, 2.24) | 0.433 | — |  |  |
Grade (G3 or 4) | 0.90 | (0.48, 1.67) | 0.730 | — |  |  | 1.06 | (0.49, 2.30) | 0.888 | — |  |  | 1.06 | (0.53, 2.12) | 0.877 | — |  |  |
CEAa | 1.46 | (1.13, 1.87) | 0.003 | 1.58 | (1.10, 2.28) | 0.014 | 1.61 | (1.17, 2.20) | 0.003 | 1.89 | (1.26, 2.83) | 0.002 | 1.54 | (1.16, 2.04) | 0.003 | 1.42 | (0.81, 2.49) | 0.215 |
LVI | 2.06 | (0.83, 5.14) | 0.120 | — |  |  | 0.66 | (0.09, 4.80) | 0.680 | — |  |  | 2.21 | (0.79, 6.14) | 0.130 | — |  |  |
Node retrieval (< 12) | 2.01 | (1.22, 3.32) | 0.006 | 1.74 | (0.91,3.33) | 0.093 | 1.78 | (0.94, 3.40) | 0.079 | — |  |  | 2.30 | (1.26, 4.17) | 0.006 | 1.63 | (0.63, 4.23) | 0.316 |
PNI | 4.26 | (1.70, 10.67) | 0.002 | 3.31 | (1.01, 10.89) | 0.049 | 6.45 | (2.27, 18.36) |  < 0.001 | NAb |  |  | 4.34 | (1.56, 12.13) | 0.005 | 7.33 | (2.07, 25.95) | 0.002 |
T stage (T2) | 2.27 | (1.09, 4.76) | 0.029 | 1.05 | (0.49, 2.22) | 0.908 | 3.69 | (1.14, 11.97) | 0.030 | 1.05 | (0.44, 2.47) | 0.919 | 2.21 | (0.94, 5.18) | 0.070 | — |  |  |