Fig. 5

Effects of alcohol exposure on hESCs. a Volcano plot showing the distribution of associations between CpG sites and alcohol exposure in hESCs. Horizontal line marks FDR 0.05 and vertical line marks effect size ± 0.05. b Location of alcohol-induced DMPs in relation to gene and CpG island in hESCs. DMPs were divided to hypo- and hypermethylated subgroups, which were further grouped according to the genomic location based on UCSC database. If the location information was missing, DMP was marked as “unknown.” In the case of multiple location entries, group “others” was used. c Effects of alcohol exposure on global DNAm level in hESCs predicted by Alu, LINE1, and LTR repetitive regions. *P < 0.05, two-tailed Student’s t test. d Volcano plot showing the distribution of associations between mRNA expression and alcohol exposure. Horizontal line marks FDR 0.05. eDNMT3A, DNMT3B, OCT4, and SOX2 gene expressions as well as OCT4/SOX2 expression ratio in control and alcohol-exposed hESCs. Data presented as mean ±SD. *P < 0.05, two-tailed Student’s t test and ****P < 0.0001, FDR-corrected P-value. Control hESCs n = 8 and n = 12 as well as alcohol-exposed hESCs n = 8 and n = 13 in DNAm and mRNA-seq analyses, respectively. Abbreviations TSS1500: 1500 bp upstream of transcription start site, TSS200: 200 bp upstream of TSS, UTR: untranslated region, N_shelf: north shelf, N_shore: north shore, S_shore: south shore, S_shelf: south shelf