Table 1 Demographic and medical characteristics for the study cohort

Age (years)

Mean (SD)

55.8 (15.6)

Sex

Male

13,568,656 (47.1)

Female

15,247,364 (52.9)

Ethnicity

Bangladeshi

184,896 (0.6)

Black African

397,661 (1.4)

Black Caribbean

310,569 (1.1)

Chinese

157,134 (0.5)

Indian

785,099 (2.7)

Mixed

343,007 (1.2)

Pakistani

504,515 (1.8)

White British^a

23,932,242 (83.1)

White other^b

1,532,924 (5.3)

Other^c

667,973 (2.3)

Residence type

Private household

28,534,980 (99.0)

Care home

163,681 (0.6)

Other communal establishments

117,359 (0.4)

Region

North East

1,451,703 (5.0)

North West

3,821,907 (13.3)

Yorkshire and the Humber

2,922,921 (10.1)

East Midlands

2,587,817 (9.0)

West Midlands

3,001,415 (10.4)

East

3,347,077 (11.6)

London

3,725,727 (12.9)

South East

4,871,486 (16.9)

South West

3,085,967 (10.7)

Population density (people per km²)

Mean (SD)

4015.2 (4259.6)

Rural Urban classification

Major conurbation

9,169,912 (31.8)

Minor conurbation

1,020,134 (3.5)

City and town

12,743,541 (44.2)

Town and fringe

2,889,540 (10.0)

Village

1,861,972 (6.5)

Hamlets and isolated dwellings

1,130,921 (3.9)

Index of Multiple Deprivation decile

1 (most deprived)

2,403,917 (8.3)

2

2,536,450 (8.8)

3

2,659,819 (9.2)

4

2,799,824 (9.7)

5

2,913,332 (10.1)

6

3,037,189 (10.5)

7

3,069,863 (10.7)

8

3,117,088 (10.8)

9

3,139,740 (10.9)

10 (least deprived)

3,138,798 (10.9)

Highest qualification

No qualifications

5,662,228 (19.6)

1–4 GCSEs/O-levels

3,997,818 (13.9)

5+ GCSEs/O-levels

4,230,333 (14.7)

Apprenticeship

1,047,989 (3.6)

2+ A-levels or equivalent

3,422,513 (11.9)

Degree or above

8,868,461 (30.8)

Other qualification

1,586,678 (5.5)

National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification

Higher managerial occupations

3,271,478 (11.4)

Lower managerial occupations

6,686,682 (23.2)

Intermediate occupations

4,154,285 (14.4)

Small employers and own account workers

2,960,524 (10.3)

Lower supervisory and technical occupations

2,106,383 (7.3)

Semi-routine occupations

4,268,923 (14.8)

Routine occupations

3,280,595 (11.4)

Never worked and long-term unemployed

1,439,862 (5.0)

Not classified

647,288 (2.2)

Keyworker type

Not keyworker

22,954,450 (79.7)

Education and childcare

1,775,302 (6.2)

National and local government

222,672 (0.8)

Public safety and national security

393,167 (1.4)

Food and necessity goods

199,382 (0.7)

Utilities and communication

382,723 (1.3)

Transport

327,975 (1.1)

Health and social care

2,107,948 (7.3)

Key public services

452,401 (1.6)

Individual occupational proximity to others score

Mean (SD)

58.4 (20.1)

Individual occupational exposure to disease score

Mean (SD)

19.0 (21.0)

Household tenure

Owned outright

8,291,886 (28.8)

Owned with mortgage

11,843,435 (41.1)

Shared ownership

210,663 (0.7)

Social rented from council

2,071,150 (7.2)

Other social rented

1,783,495 (6.2)

Private rented

4,078,886 (14.2)

Living rent free

255,465 (0.9)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Household deprivation

Not deprived

14,076,071 (48.8)

Deprived in 1 dimension

8,899,172 (30.9)

Deprived in 2 dimensions

4,200,396 (14.6)

Deprived in 3 dimensions

1,237,718 (4.3)

Deprived in 4 dimensions

121,623 (0.4)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Household size

1 to 2 people

18,024,768 (62.6)

3 to 4 people

9,305,381 (32.3)

5 to 6 people

1079,374 (3.7)

7+ people

125,457 (0.4)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Family status

Not in a family

5,120,167 (17.8)

In a couple family

20,634,579 (71.6)

In a lone-parent family

2,780,234 (9.6)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Household composition

Single-adult household

6,338,797 (22.0)

Two-adult household

11,200,101 (38.9)

Multi-generational household

2,199,382 (7.6)

Other 3+ adults

3,233,029 (11.2)

Child in household

5,563,671 (19.3)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Keyworker in household

Yes

9,695,901 (33.6)

No

18,839,079 (65.4)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Maximum occupational proximity to others score in household

0 to < 20

560,696 (1.9)

> 20 to < 40

192,508 (0.7)

> 40 to < 60

9,238,006 (32.1)

> 60 to < 80

12,517,686 (43.4)

> 80 to < 100

6,026,084 (20.9)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Maximum occupational exposure to disease score in household

0 to < 20

14,174,942 (49.2)

> 20 to < 40

7,980,653 (27.7)

> 40 to < 60

3,649,534 (12.7)

> 60 to < 80

648,234 (2.2)

> 80 to < 100

2,081,617 (7.2)

Not in a household

281,040 (1.0)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

< 18.5

243,800 (0.8)

18.5 to < 25.0

5,200,270 (18.0)

25.0 to < 30.0

5,867,857 (20.4)

> 30.0

5,078,348 (17.6)

Unknown

12,425,745 (43.1)

Chronic Kidney disease

None

27,158,332 (94.2)

Stage 3

1,519,711 (5.3)

Stage 4

76,277 (0.3)

Stage 5

61,700 (0.2)

Learning disability

None

28,641,212 (99.4)

Learning disability

165,239 (0.6)

Down syndrome

9569 (< 0.1)

Type 1 diabetes

None

28,525,099 (99.0)

Type 1 diabetes with HbA_1c< 59 mmol/mmol

117,414 (0.4)

Type 1 diabetes with HbA_1c > 59 mmol/mmol

173,507 (0.6)

Type 2 diabetes

None

26,377,772 (91.5)

Type 2 diabetes with HbA_1c< 59 mmol/mmol

1,738,737 (6.0)

Type 2 diabetes with HbA_1c > 59 mmol/mmol

699,511 (2.4)

Cancer and immunosuppression

Blood cancer

242,850 (0.8)

Respiratory cancer

64,790 (0.2)

Solid organ transplant

2896 (< 0.1)

Other health conditions

Asthma

3,312,344 (11.5)

Atrial fibrillation

1,003,377 (3.5)

Cerebral palsy

3623 (< 0.1)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

977,034 (3.4)

Cirrhosis of the liver

74,871 (0.3)

Congenital heart problem

78,510 (0.3)

Congestive cardiac failure

476,097 (1.7)

Coronary heart disease

1,456,798 (5.1)

Dementia

325,589 (1.1)

Epilepsy

320,981 (1.1)

Osteoporotic fracture

25,958 (< 0.1)

Parkinson’s disease

98,403 (0.3)

Peripheral vascular disease

278,039 (1.0)

Pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary fibrosis

106,305 (0.4)

Rare pulmonary disease

338,294 (1.2)

Rare neurological conditions

21,883 (< 0.1)

Rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus

299,442 (1.0)

Severe combined immunodeficiency

12,739 (< 0.1)

Severe mental illness

260,229 (0.9)

Sickle cell disease

5327 (< 0.1)

Stroke or transient ischaemic attack

795,197 (2.8)

Venous thromboembolism

4298 (< 0.1)

Number of admissions to hospital in past 3 years

0

18,387,385 (63.8)

1

5,195,755 (18.0)

2 to 3

3,498,538 (12.1)

4 to 5

965,541 (3.4)

6 to 9

507,962 (1.8)

10+

260,839 (0.9)

Number of days spent in hospital in past 3 years

0

25,383,455 (88.1)

1

1,586,511 (5.5)

2 to 4

1,306,820 (4.5)

5 to 9

358,681 (1.2)

10 to 19

119,435 (0.4)

20 to 39

41,014 (0.1)

40 to 69

12,368 (< 0.1)

70+

7736 (< 0.1)