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Table 2 Associations between intake of starch and CVD and mortality risk (n = 21,268)

From: Starch intake, amylase gene copy number variation, plasma proteins, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality

 

Quartiles of starch consumption

P trend

Continuousa

P value

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

Starch (E%, median)

19.6

22.8

25.3

28.8

   

CVD

 Cases/non-case

1236/4082

1108/4209

1022/4293

1077/4241

-

-

-

 Model 1b

1 [reference]

0.86 (0.79, 0.93)

0.81 (0.74, 0.88)

0.86 (0.79, 0.93)

< 0.001

0.89 (0.82, 0.95)

< 0.01

 Model 2c

1 [reference]

0.91 (0.84, 0.99)

0.88 (0.81, 0.95)

0.95 (0.87, 1.03)

0.14

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

0.51

 Model 3d

1 [reference]

0.91 (0.84, 0.99)

0.89 (0.82, 0.97)

0.98 (0.90, 1.07)

0.49

1.00 (0.93, 1.08)

0.96

CHD

 Cases/non-case

717/4601

601/4716

591/4724

612/4706

-

-

-

 Model 1

1 [reference]

0.81 (0.72, 0.90)

0.81 (0.73, 0.90)

0.84 (0.75, 0.94)

< 0.01

0.85 (0.78, 0.94)

< 0.01

 Model 2

1 [reference]

0.86 (0.77, 0.96)

0.89 (0.80, 1.00)

0.94 (0.84, 1.06)

0.37

0.95 (0.87, 1.05)

0.34

 Model 3

1 [reference]

0.87 (0.78, 0.97)

0.91 (0.81, 1.01)

0.99 (0.88, 1.10)

0.88

0.99 (0.90, 1.09)

0.79

Ischemic stroke

 Cases/non-case

512/4806

512/4805

427/4888

441/4877

-

-

-

 Model 1

1 [reference]

0.96 (0.85, 1.09)

0.83 (0.73, 0.95)

0.86 (0.76, 0.98)

< 0.01

0.93 (0.83, 1.03)

0.17

 Model 2

1 [reference]

1.01 (0.89, 1.14)

0.89 (0.78, 1.01)

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

0.13

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

0.51

 Model 3

1 [reference]

1.01 (0.89, 1.14)

0.90 (0.79, 1.02)

0.96 (0.84, 1.10)

0.27

1.03 (0.91, 1.15)

0.67

All-cause mortality

 Cases/non-case

2315/3003

2027/3290

1930/3385

1853/3465

   

 Model 1

1 [reference]

0.83 (0.79, 0.88)

0.83 (0.78, 0.88)

0.80 (0.75, 0.85)

< 0.001

0.82 (0.77, 0.86)

< 0.001

 Model 2

1 [reference]

0.90 (0.85, 0.96)

0.92 (0.86, 0.98)

0.90 (0.84, 0.96)

< 0.01

0.92 (0.87, 0.97)

< 0.01

 Model 3

1 [reference]

0.90 (0.85, 0.95)

0.92 (0.87, 0.98)

0.91 (0.85, 0.97)

0.01

0.93 (0.88, 0.98)

< 0.01

CVD mortality

 Cases/non-case

742/4576

610/4707

611/4704

592/4726

   

 Model 1

1 [reference]

0.78 (0.70, 0.87)

0.83 (0.74, 0.92)

0.81 (0.72, 0.90)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.76, 0.92)

< 0.01

 Model 2

1 [reference]

0.84 (0.76, 0.94)

0.92 (0.82, 1.02)

0.91 (0.81, 1.02)

0.22

0.94 (0.85, 1.03)

0.19

 Model 3

1 [reference]

0.84 (0.75, 0.94)

0.93 (0.84, 1.04)

0.94 (0.84, 1.05)

0.22

0.96 (0.87, 1.06)

0.43

  1. Obtained by using multivariable Cox regression model
  2. aHazard ratio for per increase of 10% in proportion of starch energy in total energy
  3. bModel 1 was adjusted for age and sex
  4. cModel 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking status, drinking status, education, season, method, physical activity, heredity scores (including cancer, infarct, stroke, and diabetes), total energy intake, and the modified diet index
  5. dModel 3 was for adjusted the same variables as in model 3 and further for HBP and BMI
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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