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Table 1 Characteristics of offsprings according to a bereavement in childhood and in adulthood

From: Bereavement in childhood and young adulthood and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden

Variables

Unexposed (n = 5,771,095), N (%)

Exposure type

Any loss in childhood (n = 248,970), N (%)

Any loss in adulthood (n = 374,910), N (%)

Country

 Denmark

2,533,112 (43.9)

120,338 (48.3)

196,561 (52.4)

 Sweden

3,237,983 (56.1)

128,632 (51.7)

178,349 (47.6)

Sex

 Men

2,955,678 (51.2)

127,468 (51.2)

193,714 (51.7)

 Women

2,811,917 (48.7)

121,353 (48.7)

181,192 (48.3)

 Missing

3500 (0.1)

149 (0.1)

4 (< 0.1)

Gestational age of offspring (weeks)

 < 32

43,800 (0.8)

3657 (1.5)

1642 (0.4)

 32–36

272,138 (4.7)

14,202 (5.7)

14,597 (3.9)

 > 36

5,152,821 (89.3)

202,153 (81.2)

258,182 (68.9)

 Missing

302,336 (5.2)

28,958 (11.6)

100,489 (26.8)

Parents’ country of birtha

 Denmark or Sweden

4,941,683 (85.6)

202,582 (81.4)

334,062 (89.1)

 Other countries

829,412 (14.4)

46,388 (18.6)

40,848 (10.9)

Parents’ highest educational level (years)b

 0–9

342,608 (5.9)

42,217 (17.0)

65,840 (17.6)

 10–14

3,144,996 (54.5)

145,202 (58.3)

224,346 (59.8)

 ≥ 15

2,262,151 (39.2)

60,435 (24.3)

84,192 (22.5)

 Missing

21,340 (0.4)

1116 (0.4)

432 (0.1)

Maternal income at offspring’s birthc

 Low tertile

1,812,644 (31.4)

89,081 (35.8)

121,605 (32.4)

 Middle tertile

1,945,845 (33.7)

73,090 (29.4)

106,877 (28.5)

 High tertile

1,917,486 (33.2)

76,422 (30.7)

105,445 (28.1)

 Missing

95,120 (1.6)

10,377 (4.2)

40,983 (10.9)

Paternal income

 Low tertile

1,857,048 (32.2)

102,063 (41.0)

120,052 (32.0)

 Middle tertile

1,902,257 (33.0)

69,308 (27.8)

106,460 (28.4)

 High tertile

1,903,458 (33.0)

66,366 (26.7)

107,096 (28.6)

 Missing

108,332 (1.9)

11,233 (4.5)

41,302 (11.0)

Maternal age at offspring’s birth (years)

 < 20

131,853 (2.3)

9215 (3.7)

15,162 (4.0)

 20–24

1,059,666 (18.4)

49,745 (20.0)

87,263 (23.3)

 25–29

2,061,402 (35.7)

76,435 (30.7)

129,050 (34.4)

 30–34

1,706,237 (29.6)

66,883 (26.9)

93,727 (25.0)

 > 34

811,937 (14.1)

46,692 (18.8)

49,708 (13.3)

Maternal smoking in early pregnancy

 No

3,373,378 (58.5)

77,711 (31.2)

33,144 (8.8)

 Yes

682,436 (11.8)

43,983 (17.7)

23,252 (6.2)

 Missing

1,715,281 (29.7)

127,276 (51.1)

318,514 (85.0)

Maternal BMI in early pregnancy (kg/m2)

 < 30

2,567,603 (44.5)

57,396 (23.1)

29,859 (8.0)

 ≥ 30

292,351 (5.1)

6458 (2.6)

1481 (0.4)

 Missing

2,911,141 (50.4)

185,116 (74.4)

343,570 (91.6)

Maternal hypertension before offspring’s birth

 No

5,321,343 (92.2)

218,775 (87.9)

289,602 (77.2)

 Yes

266,451 (4.6)

10,703 (4.3)

9741 (2.6)

 Missing

183,301 (3.2)

19,492 (7.8)

75,567 (20.2)

Maternal diabetes before offspring’s birth

 No

5,513,046 (95.5)

227,012 (91.2)

297,769 (79.4)

 Yes

74,748 (1.3)

2466 (1.0)

1574 (0.4)

 Missing

183,301 (3.2)

19,492 (7.8)

75,567 (20.2)

Parents’ CVD before offspring’s birth

 No

5,276,302 (91.4)

215,185 (86.4)

290,662 (77.5)

 Yes

311,492 (5.4)

14,293 (5.7)

8681 (2.3)

 Missing

183,301 (3.2)

19,492 (7.8)

75,567 (20.2)

Parents’ psychiatric disorders before offspring’s birth

 No

5,236,886 (90.9)

220,964 (88.8)

360,603 (96.2)

 Yes

524,209 (9.1)

28,006 (11.2)

14,307 (3.8)

Family history of CVD before offspring’s birthd

 No

2,273,064 (39.4)

62,183 (25.0)

95,224 (25.4)

 Yes

2,460,022 (42.6)

95,199 (38.2)

92,884 (24.8)

 Missing

1,038,009 (18.0)

91,588 (36.8)

186,802 (49.8)

Family history of psychiatric disorders before offspring’s birthd

 No

3,306,066 (57.3)

96,215 (38.6)

135,857 (36.2)

 Yes

1,296,122 (22.5)

50,782 (20.4)

39,885 (10.6)

 Missing

1,168,907 (20.3)

101,973 (41.0)

199,168 (53.1)

  1. BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular diseases
  2. aClassified according to whether both parents were from the studied countries (Denmark or Sweden)
  3. bDefined as the highest education of the two parents; if information on education was missing for one of the parents, we used information only from the other parent
  4. cClassified based on the tertile distribution of each calendar year
  5. dA family history of CVD and psychiatric disorders was defined based on a record of each of these disorders in the offsprings’ grandparents and uncles/aunts